Fig. 2 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 2

From: HIF-1α knockdown attenuates phenotypic transformation and oxidative stress induced by high salt in human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells

Fig. 2The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Effects of elevated sodium concentrations on HA-VSMCs viability and the role of HIF-1α. (A) Time- and dose-dependent effects of varying sodium concentrations on HA-VSMC viability. Cells were exposed to a range of sodium concentrations (132–167 mmol/L) for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Cell viability was assessed and expressed as a percentage. (B) Comparative analysis of HA-VSMCs viability under high-sodium conditions in shcontrol, HS, and shHIF-1α + HS groups at 72 h post-treatment. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 compared to the shcontrol group. shcontrol, negative control group; HS, high salt group (152 mmol/L Na+); shHIF-1α + HS, high salt knockdown group treated with high salt; HA-VSMCs, human aortic vascular smooth muscle cell; HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha.

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