Table 3 Selected plasma protein metabolites from dogs consuming extruded canine diets with different protein sources.

Metabolite, fold change

CLHd/

CONd

CHd/

CONd

CLHd/

CONd

q-value

CHd/

CONd

q-value

Glutamate

11.11

4.76

1.16

0.0192

0.99

0.5122

Histidine

14.29

5.56

0.93

0.0175

0.93

0.0696

3-methylhistidine

0.22

2.33

0.70

0.0025

2.22

< 0.0001

Imidazole propionate

0.52

0.34

1.45

0.0023

0.74

0.0562

Imidazole lactate

0.88

1.19

0.89

0.0219

0.94

0.1306

4-imidazole acetate

8.33

1.32

1.61

0.0268

0.76

0.0681

5-hydroxylysine

0.44

1.18

0.46

0.0256

0.58

0.0403

Pipecolate

1.43

0.84

1.25

0.0005

1.03

0.4214

5-aminovalerate

1.00

0.55

0.60

0.0218

0.47

0.0129

Phenylalanine

6.25

2.56

0.93

0.0193

0.98

0.3166

Phenyl lactate

0.38

0.24

0.97

0.2659

0.56

0.0233

2-hydroxyphenylacetate

-

-

4.00

< 0.0001

1.67

0.0021

4-hydroxyphenylacetate

1.75

0.90

1.28

0.0102

0.69

0.1827

Tyrosine

33.33

7.14

0.84

0.0037

0.88

0.1557

Phenol sulfate

0.16

0.18

0.44

0.0038

1.00

0.2688

Phenol glucuronide

-

-

0.35

0.0041

1.12

0.2688

4-methoxyphenol sulfate

-

-

0.66

0.0320

0.79

0.1921

Vanillactate

-

-

1.54

< 0.0001

1.18

0.0305

3-methoxytyrosine

-

-

1.79

< 0.0001

1.28

0.0015

Dopamine 3-O-sulfate

-

-

1.59

0.0014

1.09

0.3449

Tryptophan betaine

0.24

0.78

0.46

< 0.0001

0.92

0.1970

Serotonin

0.80

0.19

1.69

0.0346

1.61

0.1791

Indole propionate

0.28

0.21

3.13

0.0097

0.93

0.5400

Methionine sulfone

1.28

1.69

0.31

< 0.0001

1.14

0.2230

Urea

1.75

1.00

0.85

0.0030

0.91

0.1559

Taurine

1.28

1.09

0.96

0.3144

0.79

0.1970

Trans-4-hydroxyproline

3.23

1.37

0.41

< 0.0001

0.69

0.0132