Table 4 Selected fecal protein metabolites from dogs consuming extruded canine diets with different protein sources.

Metabolite, fold change

CLHd/

CONd

CHd/

CONd

CLHd/

CONd

q-value

CHd/

CONd

q-value

Glycine

16.67

4.55

0.86

0.4047

0.51

0.0228

Betaine

0.94

1.18

2.33

0.0168

0.78

0.2131

Serine

20.00

6.67

0.95

0.3066

0.53

0.0220

Threonine

20.00

6.25

1.22

0.1351

0.46

0.0160

Alanine

10.00

3.45

0.95

0.3880

0.54

0.0186

Glutamate

11.11

4.76

1.03

0.3021

0.63

0.0303

Glutamine

6.67

10.00

0.97

0.3455

0.56

0.0251

1-methylhistidine

0.68

0.38

0.22

0.0046

1.85

0.0068

Histamine

1.52

0.71

1.61

0.0470

0.09

0.0196

N6-acetyllysine

6.67

1.45

0.68

0.0100

0.52

0.0035

5-hydroxylysine

0.44

1.18

0.12

< 0.0001

0.25

0.0029

2-aminoadipate

1.30

1.56

0.69

0.0077

0.86

0.0559

Pipecolate

1.43

0.84

0.41

0.0001

0.74

0.0079

Cadaverine

1.43

0.62

2.33

0.0217

0.21

0.0081

5-aminovalerate

1.00

0.55

0.65

0.0001

0.74

0.0157

Phenylalanine

6.25

2.56

0.93

0.3607

0.52

0.0346

2-hydroxyphenylacetate

-

-

5.26

0.0004

2.38

0.0241

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) lactate

0.40

0.44

2.44

0.0518

0.50

0.0262

Phenol sulfate

0.16

0.18

0.10

0.0166

0.40

0.0836

Dopamine

-

-

2.63

0.0098

0.70

0.0789

Tryptophan

3.85

1.52

1.06

0.2440

0.46

0.0279

Kynurenine

16.67

4.17

1.85

0.0002

1.20

0.0887

Picolinate

5.56

1.96

1.27

0.0135

0.77

0.2262

Serotonin

0.80

0.19

1.45

0.0064

0.86

0.0754

Indole acetate

1.35

0.54

0.21

0.0041

1.09

0.1254

Indole acrylate

-

-

2.94

0.0171

0.89

0.2018

Indole propionate

0.28

0.21

1.85

0.0239

0.71

0.2918

Indole-3-carboxylate

1.67

0.94

1.39

0.0376

1.47

0.0516

Leucine

8.33

3.33

0.97

0.3395

0.45

0.0113

Isoleucine

11.11

5.88

0.93

0.3607

0.41

0.0127

Valine

33.33

9.09

0.93

0.3159

0.34

0.0183

Methionine

1.19

1.08

0.89

0.4564

0.57

0.0127

Choline

1.06

0.93

1.11

0.2823

0.64

0.0096

Cystathionine

8.33

2.63

1.52

0.0169

0.74

0.0864

Cysteine

4.55

3.33

2.00

0.0012

0.78

0.0415

Taurine

1.28

1.09

0.78

0.2251

0.35

0.0038

Arginine

2.22

1.33

1.56

0.0683

0.68

0.0375

Citrulline

9.09

2.70

0.88

0.3242

0.61

0.0241

Proline

7.14

2.78

0.79

0.3435

0.54

0.0175

Dimethylarginines

1.30

0.61

0.78

0.0102

0.54

0.0005

Trans-4-hydroxyproline

3.23

1.37

0.38

0.0001

0.62

0.0120

Spermidine

20.00

3.85

2.00

0.0583

1.11

0.2669

Spermine

100.00

8.33

5.56

0.0075

1.25

0.2870

Phenylacetylglutamine

12.50

16.67

0.40

0.0508

0.43

0.0183