Table 4 The predictive results of various models for the lithium-ion battery.
Method | Battery | RULae | Time(s)1 | MAPE | RMSE | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LSTM | B5 | 1 | 16.2655 | 0.6307 | 0.0069 | 0.9947 |
B6 | 2 | 14.9719 | 1.0187 | 0.0122 | 0.9901 | |
B7 | / | 14.9889 | 0.4667 | 0.0058 | 0.9946 | |
BiLSTM | B5 | 1 | 25.8738 | 0.5288 | 0.0062 | 0.9956 |
B6 | 1 | 19.4240 | 0.8826 | 0.0112 | 0.9917 | |
B7 | / | 19.5776 | 0.3968 | 0.0054 | 0.9954 | |
CNN-LSTM | B5 | 2 | 22.9955 | 0.6235 | 0.0064 | 0.9954 |
B6 | 2 | 18.6910 | 1.1120 | 0.1169 | 0.9909 | |
B7 | / | 18.9583 | 0.4906 | 0.0056 | 0.9950 | |
CNN-BiLSTM | B5 | 1 | 27.8186 | 0.5163 | 0.0062 | 0.9956 |
B6 | 0 | 24.7927 | 0.7981 | 0.0110 | 0.9919 | |
B7 | / | 24.7109 | 0.4076 | 0.0054 | 0.9954 | |
CNN-LSTM-Attention | B5 | 1 | 26.2932 | 0.5901 | 0.0065 | 0.9952 |
B6 | 1 | 22.4589 | 0.9003 | 0.0116 | 0.9910 | |
B7 | / | 22.0530 | 0.4646 | 0.0057 | 0.9949 | |
CNN-BiLSTM-Attention | B5 | 0 | 30.7099 | 0.5106 | 0.0060 | 0.9959 |
B6 | 0 | 30.2102 | 0.8389 | 0.0109 | 0.9921 | |
B7 | / | 30.4226 | 0.4018 | 0.0053 | 0.9956 |
