Table 13 Optimized parameters and optimal function value for FC6.

From: A levy chaotic horizontal vertical crossover based artificial hummingbird algorithm for precise PEMFC parameter estimation

Algorithm

PSO

DE

GWO

SSA

LCAHA

\({\xi }_{1}\)

−1.1327283

−1.0355681

−1.0265787

−1.0781511

−0.8538584

\({\xi }_{2}\)

0.0036755

0.0033872

0.0025555

0.0030876

0.0022839

\({\xi }_{3}\)

0.000098

0.000098

3.885E−05

6.687E−05

5.586E−05

\({\xi }_{4}\)

−0.0001499

−0.0001493

−0.0001491

−0.0001493

−0.0001493

\(\lambda\)

23

23

22.939218

22.999971

23

\({R}_{c}\)

0.0001

0.0001

0.0001541

0.0001

0.0001

B

0.0514552

0.0509795

0.0504674

0.0509439

0.0509795

Min

0.1245669

0.1217552

0.1227629

0.1217575

0.1217552

Max

0.1359797

0.1217552

0.1293204

0.1218338

0.1217552

Mean

0.1295833

0.1217552

0.1262169

0.1217769

0.1217552

Std

0.0043719

1.23E−16

0.003028

3.278E−05

1.417E−13

RT

3.2020168

5.3359243

2.5073178

5.3789802

2.2898568

FR

4.6

1.4

4.4

3

1.6