Table 2 Estimates of the coefficients and 95% confidence intervals for final PM_2.5 kitchen concentration and CO kitchen concentration mixed-effects models.

Intercept

3.8

2.83, 4.77

−0.35

−2.32, 1.62

Primary/secondary cooking fuel type

LPG Exclusive

-

-

-

-

Fuel stacking (clean/polluting)¹

−0.10

−0.47, 0.26

0.19

−0.77,1.15

Polluting exclusive

0.42

0.04, 0.80

*

1.44

0.46, 2.42

*

Cooking location

Inside

-

-

-

-

Periphery²

1.12

0.82, 1.42

*

0.86

0.10, 1.62

*

Outside (open air)

0.84

0.33, 1.36

*

0.37

−0.87, 1.60

Age (years)

 < 28

-

-

-

-

28 ≤ and < 37

0.18

−0.11, 0.47

1.06

0.32, 1.79

*

37 ≤ 

0.03

−0.28, 0.35

0.10

−0.70, 0.90

Education level

University

-

-

-

-

Secondary

−0.03

−0.38, 0.32

0.33

−0.60, 1.26

Primary / no formal education

0.04

−0.36, 0.43

0.59

−0.47, 1.66

House size

1—4

-

-

-

-

5—7

0.05

−0.25, 0.35

−0.80

−1.56, −0.04

*

 ≥ 8

0.55

0.13, 0.96

*

−0.18

−1.20, 0.83

Number of rooms

 ≥ 5

-

-

-

-

3—4

0.25

−0.11, 0.62

0.27

−0.62, 1.16

1—2

0.32

−0.14, 0.78

−0.85

−1.71, 0.54

Number of children under 5

0

-

-

-

-

1

−0.02

−0.46, 0.42

−0.28

−1.38, 0.82

 ≥ 2

0.08

−0.37, 0.52

−0.10

−1.21, 1.01

Access to electricity

Yes

-

-

-

-

No

0.06

−0.22, 0.35

0.59

−0.15, 1.33

Own or rent

Own

-

-

-

-

Rent

−0.54

−0.84, −0.24

*

−0.46

−1.21, 0.28

Financial security

Enough to buy everything needed

-

-

-

-

Not quite enough

−0.03

−0.33, 0.27

0.27

−0.52, 1.05

Definitely not enough

0.10

−0.26, 0.46

−0.25

−1.18, 0.69

Household head

Male

-

-

n/a

n/a

Female

−0.25

−0.53, 0.04

n/a

n/a