Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants.
From: The relationship between visual impairment and insomnia among people middle-aged and older in India
Insomnia symptoms | Total (n = 65,840) | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
No (n = 46,378) | Yes (n = 19,462) | |||
Sex | ||||
Male | 20,507 (44.2%) | 7244 (37.2%) | 27,751 (42.1%) | < 0.001 |
Female | 25,871 (55.8%) | 12,218 (62.8%) | 38,089 (57.9%) | |
Age | ||||
Mean (SD) | 56.9 (11.4) | 59.6 (11.6) | 57.7 (11.5) | < 0.001 |
BMI | ||||
Mean (SD) | 23.0 (4.72) | 22.7 (4.90) | 22.9 (4.78) | < 0.001 |
Marital status | ||||
Married or partnered | 37,227 (80.3%) | 13,983 (71.8%) | 51,210 (77.8%) | < 0.001 |
Others | 9151 (19.7%) | 5479 (28.2%) | 14,630 (22.2%) | |
Education level | ||||
No schooling | 20,254 (43.7%) | 10,047 (51.6%) | 30,301 (46.0%) | < 0.001 |
Less than 5 years complete | 5148 (11.1%) | 2345 (12.0%) | 7493 (11.4%) | |
5-9 years complete | 11,265 (24.3%) | 4317 (22.2%) | 15,582 (23.7%) | |
10 or more years complete | 9711 (20.9%) | 2753 (14.1%) | 12,464 (18.9%) | |
Presbyopia | ||||
No | 43,548 (93.9%) | 17,745 (91.2%) | 61,293 (93.1%) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 2830 (6.1%) | 1717 (8.8%) | 4547 (6.9%) | |
Cataracts | ||||
No | 41,859 (90.3%) | 16,607 (85.3%) | 58,466 (88.8%) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 4519 (9.7%) | 2855 (14.7%) | 7374 (11.2%) | |
Glaucoma | ||||
No | 45,714 (98.6%) | 18,957 (97.4%) | 64,671 (98.2%) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 664 (1.4%) | 505 (2.6%) | 1169 (1.8%) | |
Myopia | ||||
No | 35,807 (77.2%) | 14,124 (72.6%) | 49,931 (75.8%) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 10,571 (22.8%) | 5338 (27.4%) | 15,909 (24.2%) | |
Hyperopia | ||||
No | 37,191 (80.2%) | 14,628 (75.2%) | 51,819 (78.7%) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 9187 (19.8%) | 4834 (24.8%) | 14,021 (21.3%) | |
Hypertension | ||||
No | 35,094 (75.7%) | 12,678 (65.1%) | 47,772 (72.6%) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 11,284 (24.3%) | 6784 (34.9%) | 18,068 (27.4%) | |
Diabetes | ||||
No | 41,254 (89.0%) | 16,714 (85.9%) | 57,968 (88.0%) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 5124 (11.0%) | 2748 (14.1%) | 7872 (12.0%) | |
Heart disease | ||||
No | 45,130 (97.3%) | 18,490 (95.0%) | 63,620 (96.6%) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 1248 (2.7%) | 972 (5.0%) | 2220 (3.4%) | |
Stroke | ||||
No | 45,842 (98.8%) | 19,054 (97.9%) | 64,896 (98.6%) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 536 (1.2%) | 408 (2.1%) | 944 (1.4%) | |
Vigorous physical activity | ||||
Everyday | 11,688 (25.2%) | 4222 (21.7%) | 15,910 (24.2%) | < 0.001 |
More than once a week | 3426 (7.4%) | 1252 (6.4%) | 4678 (7.1%) | |
Once a week | 1731 (3.7%) | 722 (3.7%) | 2453 (3.7%) | |
One to three times a month | 2292 (4.9%) | 1074 (5.5%) | 3366 (5.1%) | |
Hardly ever or never | 27,241 (58.7%) | 12,192 (62.6%) | 39,433 (59.9%) | |
SRH | ||||
Excellent | 2247 (4.8%) | 481 (2.5%) | 2728 (4.1%) | < 0.001 |
Very good | 10,434 (22.5%) | 2668 (13.7%) | 13,102 (19.9%) | |
Good | 19,381 (41.8%) | 6715 (34.5%) | 26,096 (39.6%) | |
Fair | 11,294 (24.4%) | 6524 (33.5%) | 17,818 (27.1%) | |
Poor | 3022 (6.5%) | 3074 (15.8%) | 6096 (9.3%) | |
Drinking status | ||||
No | 38,487 (83.0%) | 16,439 (84.5%) | 54,926 (83.4%) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 7891 (17.0%) | 3023 (15.5%) | 10,914 (16.6%) | |
Smoking status | ||||
No | 38,660 (83.4%) | 16,161 (83.0%) | 54,821 (83.3%) | 0.60477 |
Yes | 7718 (16.6%) | 3301 (17.0%) | 11,019 (16.7%) | |
Place of residence | ||||
Urban | 16,674 (36.0%) | 6134 (31.5%) | 22,808 (34.6%) | < 0.001 |
Rural | 29,704 (64.0%) | 13,328 (68.5%) | 43,032 (65.4%) | |
