Table 7 Type of error for each landmark in the CL III group using the Bland–Altman analysis.

From: Accuracy of cephalometric landmark and cephalometric analysis from lateral facial photograph by using CNN-based algorithm

Landmark

Error type

Error direction

LOA

Landmark

Error type

Error direction

LOA

Min

Max

Min

Max

(a)

(b)

S

FE

 + 

1.807532

− 0.413932

S

FE

 + 

− 0.667094

3.177094

N

RE

 

1.016360

− 1.123960

N

FE

 + 

− 0.826895

2.587895

Or

RE

 

1.148694

− 1.774294

Or

FE

− 1.346800

0.466200

Po

PE

 

1.034556

− 1.088556

Po

RE

 

− 0.928132

1.499132

A

FE

1.073486

− 3.375086

A

RE

 

− 1.365662

0.796062

B

FE

0.459757

− 2.078757

B

FE

− 1.906867

0.914867

Pog

FE

0.491380

− 2.266380

Pog

FE

− 2.426059

0.984459

Me

PE

 

0.644044

− 2.093644

Me

RE

 

− 1.675613

1.365013

Gn

FE

0.265937

− 2.252937

Gn

RE

 

− 1.574805

1.292205

Go

FE

1.113264

− 1.930264

Go

RE

 

− 1.540251

1.077251

Ii

RE

 

1.588926

− 1.132926

Ii

FE

− 1.861933

1.021933

Is

FE

 

0.257077

− 2.346077

Is

FE

− 1.789975

0.342975

Ba

PE

 

1.039427

− 1.892027

Ba

FE

− 1.794865

− 0.111735

Cc

RE

 

1.206090

− 1.448690

Cc

PE

 

− 0.939394

0.597794

Pt

RE

 

0.869550

− 0.987550

Pt

RE

 

− 1.274927

1.197927

R1

FE

0.248875

− 1.619475

R1

RE

 

− 2.103240

1.236640

PNS

FE

0.465129

− 2.125129

PNS

FE

− 1.448797

0.889797

ANS

FE

0.984201

− 1.636201

ANS

PE

 

− 1.091844

1.179444

Ar

FE

0.081676

− 2.319676

Ar

PE

 

− 2.250188

0.928188

R3

RE

 

0.683702

− 1.070302

R3

FE

− 2.042341

0.223341

Mo

RE

 

0.682990

− 1.226990

Mo

PE

 

− 1.232547

0.932547

U1-R

FE

− 0.24996

− 1.987054

U1-R

FE

− 1.597456

0.531456

L1-R

FE

0.240646

− 2.018646

L1-R

RE

 

− 1.176524

1.543524

  1. (a) X direction error (b) Y direction error.
  2. RE: Random error, FE: Fixed error, PE: Proportional error.
  3. - : Negative direction, + : Positive direction.