Table 1 Baseline characteristics of training cohort and external validation cohort.
Characteristic | Total (n = 243) (%) | Training cohort (n = 168) (%) | External validation cohort (n = 75) (%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (y, mean ± SD) | 64.0 ± 10.5 | 63.6 ± 10.6 | 64.9 ± 10.2 | 0.596 |
Gender | 0.220 | |||
Male | 150(61.7) | 108(64.3) | 42(56.0) | |
Female | 93(38.3) | 60(35.7) | 33(44.0) | |
mLN | 0.456 | |||
Negative | 151(62.1) | 107(63.7) | 44(58.7) | |
Positive | 92(37.9) | 61(36.3) | 31(41.3) | |
TBC | 0.004 | |||
pTBC | 124(51.0) | 96(57.1) | 28(37.3) | |
iTBC | 119(49.0) | 72(42.9) | 47(62.7) | |
mEMVI | 0.412 | |||
Negative | 155(63.8) | 110(65.5) | 45(60.0) | |
Positive | 88(36.2) | 58(34.5) | 30(40.0) | |
Nodular protrusion or mLN on the posterior wall | 0.036 | |||
No | 186(76.5) | 135(80.4) | 51(68.0) | |
Yes | 57(23.5) | 33(19.6) | 24(32.0) | |
Synchronous metastasis | 0.783 | |||
No | 219(90.1) | 152(90.5) | 67(89.3) | |
Yes | 24(9.9) | 16(9.5) | 8(10.7) | |
Tumor location | 0.010 | |||
Lower | 85(35.0) | 50(29.8) | 35(46.7) | |
Mid-upper | 158(65.0) | 118(70.2) | 40(53.3) | |
Peritoneal invasion | 0.247 | |||
Negative | 213(87.7) | 150(89.3) | 63(84.0) | |
Positive | 30(12.3) | 18(10.7) | 12(16.0) | |
pEMVI | 0.003 | |||
Negative | 184(75.7) | 118(70.2) | 66(88.0) | |
Positive | 59(24.3) | 50(29.8) | 9(12.0) | |
Circumferential extent | 0.361 | |||
≤ 1/3 | 15(6.2) | 12(7.1) | 3(4.0) | |
1/3 − 2/3 | 90(37.0) | 58(34.5) | 32(42.7) | |
≥ 2/3 | 138(56.8) | 98(58.3) | 40(53.3) | |
pLN | 0.020 | |||
Negative | 184(75.7) | 120(71.4) | 64(85.3) | |
Positive | 59(24.3) | 48(28.6) | 11(14.7) | |
Degree of differentiation | 0.652 | |||
High | 12(4.9) | 9(5.4) | 3(4.0) | |
Moderate-poor | 231(95.1) | 159(94.6) | 72(96.0) | |
Growth pattern | 0.024 | |||
Localized mass | 97(39.9) | 75(44.6) | 22(29.3) | |
Annular infiltration | 146(60.1) | 93(55.4) | 53(70.7) | |
Subtypes of adenocarcinoma | 0.616 | |||
Ulcerative | 186(76.5) | 126(75.0) | 60(80.0) | |
Polypoid | 48(19.8) | 36(21.4) | 12(16.0) | |
Mucinous | 9(3.7) | 6(3.6) | 3(4.0) | |
MED (mm) | 5.4(1.5–7.6) | 5.0(1.1–7.5) | 6.3(3.1–7.8) | 0.040 |
Tumor length (cm) | 5.2(3.8–6.0) | 5.2(3.8–6.0) | 5.1(3.9–6.0) | 0.604 |
CEA | 0.049 | |||
Normal | 146(60.1) | 108(64.3) | 38(50.7) | |
High | 97(39.9) | 60(35.7) | 37(49.3) | |
