Fig. 1 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 1

From: Exploring the causal impact of body mass index on metabolic biomarkers and cholelithiasis risk: a Mendelian randomization analysis

Fig. 1

Analysis process flowchart. The analytical process of this study consists of 4 key steps, as depicted in the figure. Step 1 examines the impact of body mass index (BMI) on cholelithiasis (gallstones). Step 2 investigates the relationship between BMI and potential mediating factors (249 metabolic traits).Step 3 explores how these potential mediating factors influence cholelithiasis. Step 4 identifies the mediating factors and calculates the proportion of the mediating effect relative to the total effect.

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