Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants.
Levels | Total N = 34,656 | PPI N = 19,394 | H2RA N = 15,262 | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | < 65 | 9463 (27.3%) | 5252 (27.1%) | 4211 (27.6%) | 0.099 |
65–74 | 9774 (28.2%) | 5415 (27.9%) | 4359 (28.6%) | ||
> 75 | 15,419 (44.5%) | 8727 (45.0%) | 6692 (43.8%) | ||
Gender | Male | 20,741 (59.8%) | 11,698 (60.3%) | 9043 (59.3%) | 0.046 |
Female | 13,915 (40.2%) | 7696 (39.7%) | 6219 (40.7%) | ||
CKD stage | 3 | 22,560 (65.1%) | 12,571 (64.8%) | 9989 (65.5%) | 0.226 |
4 | 12,096 (34.9%) | 6823 (35.2%) | 5273 (34.5%) | ||
Comorbidities | |||||
Diabetes | Yes | 23,679 (68.3%) | 13,496 (69.6%) | 10,183 (66.7%) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | Yes | 31,724 (91.5%) | 18,017 (92.9%) | 13,707 (89.8%) | < 0.001 |
CHF | Yes | 9422 (27.2%) | 5773 (29.8%) | 3649 (23.9%) | < 0.001 |
Liver cirrhosis | Yes | 1168 (3.4%) | 750 (3.9%) | 418 (2.7%) | < 0.001 |
Concurrent medications | |||||
ACEi/ARBs | Yes | 24,371 (70.3%) | 13,720 (70.7%) | 10,651 (69.8%) | 0.055 |
SGLT2i | Yes | 380 (1.1%) | 253 (1.3%) | 127 (0.8%) | < 0.001 |
NSAIDs | Yes | 15,853 (45.7%) | 8208 (42.3%) | 7645 (50.1%) | < 0.001 |
Statin | Yes | 21,978 (63.4%) | 12,750 (65.7%) | 9228 (60.5%) | < 0.001 |
