Table 3 Tracking performance under dynamic sudden step change PSC.
Large step changes response (time) | PV array model output (W) | Power tracking accuracy (MPP, (W) (PMPP)) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Hybrid SSA-HC | Standard SSA | PSO | GOA | GWO | BOA | HC | |
0–2 s | 136.5 | 136.3 | 135.5 | 136.1 | 136.2 | 136 | 135.1 | 110.3 |
2–4 s | 114.5 | 114.3 | 114 | 114 | 113.9 | 95.56 | 112.6 | 55.01 |
4–6 s | 177 | 176.9 | 176.1 | 176.5 | 176.5 | 176.4 | 176.4 | 111.3 |
|  |  |  | Efficiency, η MPPT | |||||
0–2 s |  | 97.54% | 91.63% | 94.27% | 95.56% | 92.70% | 90.78% | 63.45% |
2–4 s |  | 95.59% | 80.33% | 90.72% | 96.67% | 79.56% | 89.32% | 47.43% |
4–6 s |  | 96.85% | 87.73% | 93.42% | 94.63% | 93.34% | 93.03% | 60.17% |
