Table 5 Tracking performance under dynamic sudden step and gradual change at St = 0.02 s.
Large step changes response (time) | PV array model output (W) | Power tracking accuracy (MPP(W)), (Efficiency (η) MPPT) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hybrid SSA-HC | PSO | GOA | GWO | BOA | HC | ||
0–2 s | 152.8 | 152.6 (98.13%) | 152.1 (95.84%) | 152.3 (96.68%) | 152 (94.03%) | 152.3 (93.56%) | 84.02 (48.44%) |
2–4 s | 96.97 | 96.78 (98%) | 96.22 (94.36%) | 96.46 (97.66%) | 96.78 (82.29%) | 96.57 (94.77%) | 54.53 (55.57%) |
4–5 s | 120.6 | 120.4 (96.43%) | 105.5 (79.47%) | 104.36 (84.11%) | 61.64 (40.90%) | 120.2 (93.86%) | 120.1 (92.36%) |
Gradually increases 5–8 s | - | 182 (99.84%) | 176.6 (86.86%) | 113.26 (70.79%) | 96.23 (50.40%) | 143.75 (88.69%) | 176.2 (99.27%) |
8–9 s | 192.7 | 192.6 (99.96%) | 181.6 (94.22%) | 116.69 (59.90%) | 169.16 (75.87%) | 150.33 (77.44%) | 188.2 (97.66%) |
Gradually decreases 9–12 s | - | 176.1 (99.80%) | 175.6 (98%) | 109.66 (69.45%) | 165.53 (80.94%) | 143.66 (87.83%) | 143.66 (99.51%) |
