Table 1 Mindfulness training effects on sadness, anger, disgust, and joy.

Predictors	Sadness			Anger			Disgust			Joy
Predictors	B	95% CI	p	B	95% CI	p	B	95% CI	p	B	95% CI	p
Gaussian submodel
(Intercept)	3.36	3.17 – 3.57	< .001	2.78	2.57–3.00	<0 .001	2.56	2.35 – 2.79	< .001	2.28	2.08–2.46	< .001
Time	0.08	− 0.06 – 0.22	0.279	0.22	0.07–0.38	0.004	0.36	0.22 – 0.51	< .001	–0.20	− 0.35–– 0.05	0.010
MT group	–0.13	− 0.42 – 0.16	0.388	–0.05	–0.36–0.26	0.742	− 0.03	− 0.35 – 0.28	.835	–0.11	− 0.38–0.16	0.426
Time × MT group	− 0.05	− 0.25 – 0.15	0.628	0.21	–0.01–0.42	0.065	0.05	− 0.16 – 0.26	.638	0.25	0.04–0.46	0.018
Random effects
σ²	0.35			0.38			0.35			0.32
τ₀₀	0.28			0.32			0.35			0.23
ICC	0.444						0.498			0.422
Marginal R²/Conditional R²	0.010/0.450			0.040/0.480			0.051/0.523			0.010/0.428

Zero-inflated submodel	Sadness			Anger			Disgust			Joy
Predictors	OR	95% CI	p	OR	95% CI	p	OR	95% CI	p	OR	95% CI	p
(Intercept)	0.01	0.00–0.02	< 0.001	0.01	0.01–0.04	< 0.001	0.02	0.01–0.05	< 0.001	0.07	0.03–0.15	< 0.001
Time	1.98	1.00–3.93	0.050	1.72	1.00–2.96	0.049	1.35	0.80–2.28	0.261	3.82	2.31–6.33	< 0.001
MT group	2.71	0.63–11.59	0.178	1.50	0.40–5.66	0.543	2.99	0.77–11.58	0.113	1.34	0.43–4.14	0.606
Time × MT group	0.58	0.24–1.42	0.238	0.11	0.04–0.29	< 0.001	0.08	0.03–0.18	< 0.001	0.16	0.08–0.35	< 0.001
Random effects
σ²	3.29			3.29			3.29			3.29
τ₀₀	4.69			4.27			5.20			3.70
ICC	0.588			0.565			0.613			0.529
Marginal R²/Conditional R²	0.024/0.598			0.062/0.591			0.071/0.640			0.048/0.552
N_ID	72			72			72			72
Observations	562			542			565			568

B, unstandardized regression coefficient; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; MT, mindfulness training; σ², level-1 residual variance; τ₀₀, variance in individual intercepts; ICC, intraclass correlation coefficient; N_ID, number of participants; marginal R²², proportion of variance in the outcome explained by fixed effects only; conditional R², proportion of variance explained by fixed and random effects together.
Significant values are in [bold].

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