Fig. 4

Cardiac transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of HFpEF hearts shows strong signatures of reduced mitochondrial fuel (BCAA) and activation of ECM/fibrosis. (A) Principal component (PC) analysis and (B) heatmap of ventricular RNAseq comparing control and HFD-Renin groups (n = 5–6). (C) Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes in HFpEF (vs. control) hearts (n = 5–6). (D) KEGG pathway analysis of upregulated (yellow bars) and downregulated (blue bars) pathways. (E) Targeted metabolomics from heart tissue displaying short-chain acylcarnitine species (n = 5–7). Data displayed as mean ± SEM. Unpaired, 2-tailed Student’s t-test, with p values as displayed or * <0.05.