Table 3 List of common compounds and their functions in methanolic M. oleifera leaves extract and S5 isolate identified by LC–MS.

1

(R)-Butaprost, free acid

2,138,498

ND

Pharmacologically define the EP receptor expression profile

Mudge et al. (2010)⁴²

2

.beta.-Homoproline

5,744,421

ND

Proline transporters modulate key events during plant growth

Kishor et al.²⁶

3

1,2-Di-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

5,575,782

ND

Phosphocholine to provide polyunsaturated fatty acids for triacylglycerols synthesis in seeds

Bates and Browse²⁷

4

11-.beta.-Hydroxyandrosterone

ND

2,843,670

Phytosterols and Plant Growth

Clouse et al. (1998)⁴⁵ 

5

15-Ketoiloprost

4,296,897

ND

Biosynthesis and metabolism, various aspects of pharmacological activities, disease states, therapeutic potential

Dall’Osto et al. (2006)⁴⁶

6

1-Aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid

ND

2,172,042

A crucial role in plant biology as the direct precursor of ethylene, a gaseous plant hormone

Vanderstraeten and Straeten (2017)⁴⁷ 

7

1-Heptadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

ND

4,527,823

Lipid signaling pathways and membrane remodeling

Goracci et al.²³

8

1-Hexadecanoyl-2-sn-glycero-3-phosphate

2,058,367

ND

Lipid signaling pathways and membrane remodeling

Goracci et al.²³

9

2-(14,15-Epoxyeicosatrienoyl)glycerol

2,138,498

ND

A potent mitogen, increasing DNA synthesis and cell proliferation rates at low concentrations1

Riaz et al.²²

10

2-Methylbenzoic acid

ND

1,913,939

Antibacterial

Dorokhov et al. (2018)⁴⁸

11

2-O-Methyl PAF C-18

3,271,550

3,528,040

Intracellular growth inhibition activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis

Riaz et al.²²

12

4',6'-Dimethoxy-2'-hydroxy-3-nitrochalcone

ND

1,999,252

Antimicrobial

Brusa et al. (2015)

13

Acetic acid, phenyl ester

ND

1,913,939

Plant defense mechanisms

Dudareva et al. (2006)⁴⁹

14

Ala-Trp-Arg

6,914,548

1,952,711

Various signaling pathways and physiological processes in plants

Corpas et al.²⁸

15

Anacardic Acid

1,674,294

1,463,243

Antibacterial

Kubo et al. (1993)⁵⁰

16

Asp-Thr-Lys

1,646,313

ND

Synthesis of the essential amino acids

Bates and Browse²⁷

17

Avenanthramide-C methyl ester

ND

1,999,252

Anti-inflammatory and anti-itch activity

Dudareva et al. (2006)⁴⁹

18

Canrenoic acid

4,296,897

ND

Steroid-like compounds, might influence plant growth

Clouse et al. (1998)⁴⁵

19

cis-7,10,13,16,19-Docosapentaenoic acid

ND

2,615,805

Antioxidant

Goracci et al.²³

20

Cyclohexylamine

1,628,340

ND

Play essential roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses

Dall’Osto et al. (2006)⁴⁶ 

21

D-erythro-Sphinganine

10,447,597

ND

Regulation of programmed cell death in plants

Compean and Ynalvez¹⁸

22

D-erythro-Sphingosine C-15

ND

1,350,773

Cellular recognition, growth, and development

Clouse et al. (1998)⁴⁵

24

D-Pipecolinic acid

5,744,421

ND

Regulates plant systemic acquired resistance and basal immunity to bacterial pathogen infection

Minen et al.²⁹

25

Eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester

ND

2,615,805

Reduces the triglyceride (TG) levels

Bays et al. (2011)⁵¹ 

26

Enalaprilat

2,150,797

ND

Antimicrobial

Compean and Ynalvez¹⁸

27

Glu-Ser-Lys

1,646,313

ND

Roles of various peptide hormones in plants

Adeyemi et al.³⁵

28

L-Pipecolic acid

5,744,421

ND

Regulates plant systemic acquired resistance and basal immunity to bacterial pathogen infection

Minen et al.²⁹

29

Lutein

ND

1,839,748

Most abundant xanthophyll in the photosynthetic

Dall’Osto et al. (2006)⁴⁶

33

Met-His-Lys

ND

3,393,556

Antioxidant

Kim et al. (2021)⁵²

31

O-Arachidonoylglycidol

ND

1,349,319

Lipid-derived molecules influence various aspects of plant growth and development, including cell division and differentiation

Wasternack and Hause (2013)⁴¹

32

Oleyl alcohol

ND

1,479,008

Protect the outer surface of plants and animals from water loss

Mudge et al. (2010)⁴²

33

Prostaglandin E2 isopropyl ester

2,138,498

ND

Roles in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses

Wasternack and Hause (2013)⁴¹

34

Prostaglandin E2 p-acetamidophenyl ester

2,062,450

1,620,310

Importance of lipid signaling in plant stress responses

Corpas et al.²⁸

35

Ser-Glu-Lys

1,646,313

ND

Regulates plant growth and responses to the environment

Clouse et al. (1998)⁴⁵

36

Tetradecylamine

ND

1,221,361

Antimicrobial

Kim et al. (2021)⁵²

37

Tetramethylnordihydroguaiaretic acid

4,296,897

ND

Antioxidant

Kim et al. (2021)⁵²

38

Thr-Asp-Lys

1,646,313

ND

Roles in plant growth, reproduction, development or defence

Minen et al.²⁹

39

Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane

ND

1,425,316

Importance of ph stability in plant genetic engineering and biotechnological applications, which is facilitated by buffering agents like Tris

Dall’Osto et al. (2006)⁴⁶

40

Vigabatrin

5,744,421

ND

Antimicrobial

Compean and Ynalvez¹⁸

41

Trp-Ala-Arg

6,914,548

1,952,711

Roles of bioactive peptides in plants, highlighting their significance in growth regulation and stress responses

Adeyemi et al.³⁵