Fig. 3

Effect of co-addition of EMC and PA on ATP levels in EATCs. EATCs were treated with 100 µM EMC, 40 µM palmitic acid (PA), a combination of both, or left untreated for 12 h. ATP levels were determined by the CellTiter-Glo 2.0 Assay. Results are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 10). Statistical significance between the four groups was evaluated using one-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey-Kramer test. The data were found to be significantly different: * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01.