Fig. 1

Inverted polarity of the early visual C1 in indivisuals diagnosed with PTSD and trauma controls. In panel A, the grand average event-related potentials for the left and right parieto-occipital clusters, highlighted in gray is the time window of the C1 whose peak was significantly different between individuals diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the trauma-exposed control group without PTSD diagnosis (NPTSD). Panel B shows scalp maps at specified latencies in the PTSD (orange) and NPTSD (black) groups. In panel C, the mean waveform of the two clusters showing the entire epoch and the identified visual components. In panel D, for the layout of the electrode array, the electrodes used for statistical analyses are shown in blue, with midline electrodes separating the right and left clusters. P100 refers to the positive deflection peaking at ~ 100 ms, N200 refers to the negative deflection at ~ 200 ms, and P300 refers to the positive deflection at ~ 300 ms; these parameters were not analyzed in this paper.