Table 3 Parameters for PV system optimization.

From: Logarithmic mean optimization a metaheuristic algorithm for global and case specific energy optimization

Parameter

Description

Value

Panel Tilt Angle

Angle of PV panel installation

15° − 30°

Inverter Efficiency

Conversion efficiency of the inverter

90 − 95%

Panel Configuration

Number of PV panels and series/parallel setup

10–50 panels

Wind Speed

Average wind speed in the region

5 m/s − 10 m/s

Solar Irradiance (G)

Solar irradiance at peak (sunny day)

1000 W/m²

Panel Cost

Cost per PV panel

$200 - $300

Wind Turbine Cost

Cost per wind turbine

$1000 - $3000