Table 4 Results of the simulation.
Function | Algorithm | Best Value | Mean Value | Time (s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 (Sphere) | LMO | 0.00001 | 0.00005 | 0.15 |
GA | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.20 | |
PSO | 0.0001 | 0.0002 | 0.18 | |
ACO | 0.0004 | 0.001 | 0.25 | |
GWO | 0.0001 | 0.0003 | 0.22 | |
CSA | 0.00015 | 0.00025 | 0.30 | |
FA | 0.0002 | 0.0003 | 0.28 | |
F2 (Rastrigin) | LMO | 0.011 | 0.013 | 0.12 |
GA | 2.34 | 2.5 | 0.35 | |
PSO | 0.1 | 0.12 | 0.30 | |
ACO | 1.85 | 2.05 | 0.40 | |
GWO | 0.08 | 0.1 | 0.36 | |
CSA | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.45 | |
FA | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.42 | |
F3 (Ackley) | LMO | 0.0002 | 0.0003 | 0.17 |
GA | 1.1 | 1.3 | 0.38 | |
PSO | 0.01 | 0.015 | 0.35 | |
ACO | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.42 | |
GWO | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.40 | |
CSA | 0.01 | 0.015 | 0.50 | |
FA | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.48 | |
F4 (Rosenbrock) | LMO | 0.015 | 0.02 | 0.19 |
GA | 4.57 | 5.1 | 0.41 | |
PSO | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.39 | |
ACO | 1.75 | 2.0 | 0.44 | |
GWO | 0.25 | 0.28 | 0.42 | |
CSA | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.49 | |
FA | 0.30 | 0.33 | 0.47 | |
F5 (Griewank) | LMO | 0.0004 | 0.0006 | 0.16 |
GA | 5.7 | 6.2 | 0.32 | |
PSO | 0.02 | 0.025 | 0.29 | |
ACO | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.38 | |
GWO | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.37 | |
CSA | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.45 | |
FA | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.43 | |
F6 (Schwefel) | LMO | 0.006 | 0.007 | 0.20 |
GA | 8.45 | 9.1 | 0.41 | |
PSO | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.37 | |
ACO | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.45 | |
GWO | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.43 | |
CSA | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.50 | |
FA | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.48 | |
F7 (Bent Cigar) | LMO | 0.00005 | 0.0001 | 0.22 |
GA | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.32 | |
PSO | 0.0004 | 0.0006 | 0.30 | |
ACO | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.39 | |
GWO | 0.005 | 0.006 | 0.37 | |
CSA | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.45 | |
FA | 0.006 | 0.007 | 0.43 | |
F8 (Discus) | LMO | 0.00002 | 0.00003 | 0.25 |
GA | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.40 | |
PSO | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.35 | |
ACO | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.43 | |
GWO | 0.005 | 0.006 | 0.40 | |
CSA | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.47 | |
FA | 0.004 | 0.005 | 0.44 | |
F9 (Katsuura) | LMO | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.21 |
GA | 4.1 | 4.3 | 0.38 | |
PSO | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.36 | |
ACO | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.42 | |
GWO | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.40 | |
CSA | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.48 | |
FA | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.46 | |
F10 (Happy Cat) | LMO | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.20 |
GA | 2.8 | 3.2 | 0.33 | |
PSO | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.30 | |
ACO | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.37 | |
GWO | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.35 | |
CSA | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.44 | |
FA | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.42 | |
F11 (Schwefel) | LMO | 0.004 | 0.005 | 0.23 |
GA | 7.5 | 8.0 | 0.38 | |
PSO | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.35 | |
ACO | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.41 | |
GWO | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.40 | |
CSA | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.48 | |
FA | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.46 | |
F12 (Levy Function) | LMO | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.19 |
GA | 2.3 | 2.5 | 0.33 | |
PSO | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.30 | |
ACO | 0.08 | 0.1 | 0.37 | |
GWO | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.34 | |
CSA | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.42 | |
FA | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.40 | |
F13 (Weierstrass) | LMO | 0.0015 | 0.002 | 0.22 |
GA | 1.8 | 2.1 | 0.37 | |
PSO | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.32 | |
ACO | 0.08 | 0.1 | 0.38 | |
GWO | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.35 | |
CSA | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.46 | |
FA | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.43 | |
F14 (Schwefel 2.21) | LMO | 0.0001 | 0.0002 | 0.18 |
GA | 3.6 | 4.0 | 0.40 | |
PSO | 0.09 | 0.1 | 0.35 | |
ACO | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.42 | |
GWO | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.38 | |
CSA | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.45 | |
FA | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.43 | |
F15 (Schwefel 2.22) | LMO | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.20 |
GA | 2.1 | 2.5 | 0.34 | |
PSO | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.30 | |
ACO | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.38 | |
GWO | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.36 | |
CSA | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.44 | |
FA | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.42 | |
F16 (Schwefel 2.26) | LMO | 0.005 | 0.007 | 0.21 |
GA | 1.2 | 1.4 | 0.31 | |
PSO | 0.01 | 0.015 | 0.29 | |
ACO | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.36 | |
GWO | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.34 | |
CSA | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.41 | |
FA | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.40 | |
F17 (Schwefel 2.29) | LMO | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.22 |
GA | 3.2 | 3.5 | 0.39 | |
PSO | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.33 | |
ACO | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.41 | |
GWO | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.38 | |
CSA | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.46 | |
FA | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.44 | |
F18 (Feldkamp) | LMO | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.25 |
GA | 2.5 | 2.8 | 0.38 | |
PSO | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.32 | |
ACO | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.39 | |
GWO | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.36 | |
CSA | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.47 | |
FA | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.45 | |
F19 (Sharp Ridge) | LMO | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.22 |
GA | 3.7 | 4.1 | 0.36 | |
PSO | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.32 | |
ACO | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.38 | |
GWO | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.35 | |
CSA | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.43 | |
FA | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.41 | |
F20 (Rotated Hyper Ellipsoid) | LMO | 0.00002 | 0.00003 | 0.15 |
GA | 1.3 | 1.5 | 0.33 | |
PSO | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.29 | |
ACO | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.37 | |
GWO | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.34 | |
CSA | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.42 | |
FA | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.40 | |
F21 (Rotated Rastrigin) | LMO | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.22 |
GA | 1.9 | 2.2 | 0.36 | |
PSO | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.31 | |
ACO | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.38 | |
GWO | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.34 | |
CSA | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.46 | |
FA | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.44 | |
F22 (Rotated Ackley) | LMO | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.19 |
GA | 2.5 | 2.8 | 0.35 | |
PSO | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.30 | |
ACO | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.39 | |
GWO | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.36 | |
CSA | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.45 | |
FA | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.43 | |
F23 (Rotated Griewank) | LMO | 0.005 | 0.006 | 0.20 |
GA | 3.6 | 4.0 | 0.37 | |
PSO | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.33 | |
ACO | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.41 | |
GWO | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.38 | |
CSA | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.47 | |
FA | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.45 |