Fig. 3
NMDAR Antagonists Mitigate Morphological Deficits Induced by COVID-19 Infection. (a) Visualization of morphological differences in medulla samples among key groups using cresyl violet staining. Key groups include those sacrificed 10 days after COVID-19 inoculation, with representative images of samples either positive or negative for COVID-19 and treated with saline (control), memantine, or ifenprodil. Representative images for all other groups can be found in Supplementary Fig. 1. Each image is shown in the 4 × and 10 × magnification with anatomical markers labeled. (b) Examples of images representative of each semi-qualitative rank for Cresyl Violet stain. (c) Representative Nissl (left) and anatomical annotations (right) from the Allen Brain Reference Atlases—Adult Mouse Brain [ref] showing i) pons and ii) medulla for reference119,120,121,122,123,124. (d) Cresyl violet (CV) semi-qualitative rankings according to time sacrificed post-virus inoculation and treatment group. Individual data points are representative of mode ranking values from sections in pons and medulla. Error bars represent mode qualitative ranking + /− S.E.M. Significant differences between groups are denoted with *p < 0.05 and ***p < 0.005. N = 3–20 sections per group.
