Table 5. Adjusted beta coefficients and 95% confidence intervals of refractive error change by air pollutants according to age.

From: Association between outdoor air pollutant exposure and refractive error changes: A retrospective clinical practice study

 

Change of refractive error

PM2.5

CO

NOx

O3

SO2

Adjusted β (95%CI)

Adjusted β (95%CI)

Adjusted β (95%CI)

Adjusted β (95%CI)

Adjusted β (95%CI)

Full

Age

5~6$

-0.32(-0.36,-0.27)***

-14.44(-16.96,-11.91)***

-0.36(-0.42,-0.30)***

-0.12(-0.14,-0.09)***

-1.97(-2.31,-1.63)***

7~9$

-0.32(-0.37,-0.27)***

-15.30(-18.45,-12.14)***

-0.37(-0.44,-0.29)***

-0.13(-0.16,-0.10)***

-2.09(-2.52,-1.66)***

10~12$

-0.22(-0.28,-0.16)***

-10.62(-14.30,-6.94)***

-0.25(-0.34,-0.16)***

-0.09(-0.13,-0.06)***

-1.42(-1.92,-0.93)***

IQR

Age

5~6

-0.40(-0.46,-0.34)***

-0.28(-0.34,-0.22)***

-0.28(-0.34,-0.22)***

-0.25(-0.31,-0.19)***

-0.28(-0.34,-0.22)***

7~9

-0.47(-0.55,-0.39)***

-0.34(-0.42,-0.26)***

-0.33(-0.41,-0.25)***

-0.34(-0.42,-0.26)***

-0.34(-0.41,-0.26)***

10~12

-0.35(-0.44,-0.26)***

-0.25(-0.34,-0.15)***

-0.26(-0.35,-0.17)***

-0.24(-0.34,-0.15)***

-0.25(-0.34,-0.15)***

  1. Adjusted β: for age, sex, systemic lupus erythromatosus, asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic rhinitis, Kawasaki disease, atropine, OK lens and urbanization.
  2. *** P < 0.001; $: all numbers are multiplied by 10,000.
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