Table 1 Weighted characteristics of participants without and with DR.
Characteristics | All (n = 514) | Without DR (n = 427) | With DR (n = 87) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 60.27 ± 14.14 | 59.95 ± 14.43 | 61.88 ± 12.51 | 0.372 |
Sex | 0.739 | |||
Male | 274 (53.3) | 226 (53.8) | 48 (50.9) | |
Female | 240 (46.7) | 201 (46.2) | 39 (49.1) | |
Race | 0.834 | |||
Non-Hispanic White | 186 (59.6) | 158 (59.3) | 28 (60.9) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 147 (17.3) | 120 (17.0) | 27 (18.5) | |
Others | 181 (23.2) | 149 (23.7) | 32 (20.6) | |
BMI, kg/m2 | 32.98 ± 7.41 | 32.98 ± 7.40 | 33.00 ± 7.49 | 0.979 |
Smoking | 0.268 | |||
Yes | 253 (52.1) | 202 (50.5) | 51 (60.2) | |
No | 261 (47.9) | 225 (49.5) | 36 (39.8) | |
Drinking | 0.386 | |||
Yes | 333 (67.2) | 276 (68.3) | 57 (61.4) | |
No | 181 (32.8) | 151 (31.7) | 30 (38.6) | |
Diabetes duration | 0.015 | |||
<10 years | 259 (50.1) | 228 (52.8) | 31 (36.8) | |
≥10 years | 255 (49.9) | 199 (47.2) | 56 (63.2) | |
HbA1c, % | 7.52 ± 1.79 | 7.40 ± 1.73 | 8.12 ± 1.96 | 0.021 |
Hypertension | 0.256 | |||
Yes | 375 (74.2) | 304 (72.7) | 71 (81.5) | |
No | 139 (25.8) | 123 (27.3) | 16 (18.5) | |
Total energy intake, kcal/day | 1878.79 ± 891.25 | 1881.25 ± 864.51 | 1875.77 ± 1056.25 | 0.978 |
