Table 1 Calculation parameters for seepage analysis.

From: Instability mechanism of loess-mudstone landslides under rainfall infiltration conditions

Soil layer

Saturated volumetric water content

Residual volumetric water content

Air entry value parameter (kPa)

Pore size distribution parameter

Saturated hydraulic conductivity (m/s)

Loess

0.45

0.08

15.21

1.65

2.05 × 10− 5

Silt

0.35

0.05

29.87

0.73

4.23 × 10− 6

Gravel

0.10

0.02

6.23

112.52

5.62 × 10− 2

Glaciofluvial gravel

0.10

0.02

5.64

110.23

1.51 × 10− 2

Mudstone

0.25

0.05

121.36

0.04

5.57 × 10− 8