Fig. 2

(a) Volcano plot depicting the pattern of differential gene expression in cells of P. cordatum at an early stage of the response to phosphate depletion. The X-axis displays the log₂(fold change) values, Y-axis shows the significance level represented with -log₁₀(padj), dots represent differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Significantly (|log₂(fold change)| > 1, padj < 0.05) up-regulated DEGs are highlighted in red, and down-regulated DEGs are highlighted in blue. The horizontal dotted line marks the -log₁₀(padj) value of 1.3, corresponding to padj = 0.05. The vertical dotted lines indicate log₂(fold change) values of -1 and 1, respectively, which correspond to a two-fold change in the quantity of transcripts. (b) Violin plots depicting changes in the expression of up-regulated DEGs, grouped by the functions of the proteins they encode, in P. cordatum cells growing under phosphate-deficient conditions. The X-axis displays the functional group ID, while the Y-axis shows the log₂(fold change) values. Dots represent genes. The functional groups are as follows: 1—homologues of proteins involved in phosphate transport and uptake; 2—components of molecular machineries involved in various protein metabolic processes; 3—homologues of proteins associated with RNA processing; 4—homologues of proteins associated with meiosis; 5—homologues of proteins involved in the regulation of cell cycle progression.