Table 3 Cox regression analyses to determine the relationship between occurrence of MRONJ and co-variates.

From: Incidence of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw and associated antiresorptive drugs in adult Finnish population

Co-variates

Low-dose recipient

HR (95% CI)

High- dose recipient

HR (95% CI)

Age group

  

≤ 64 years

Ref

Ref

≥ 64 years

0.67 (0.39–1.15)

0.89 (0.65–1.23)

Gender

  

Male

Ref

Ref

Female

0.76 (0.48–1.20)

0.67 (0.52–0.86) *

Antiresorptive drug

  

Bisphosphonates

Ref

Ref

Denosumab

5.03 (3.23–7.82) **

5.07 (2.94–8.72) **

Both

2.37 (1.42–3.96) *

2.39 (1.43–4.00) **

Purpose of using antiresorptive drug

  

Osteoporosis

Ref

Ref

Any type of cancer

99.21 (51.69–190.43) **

1.56 (0.99–2.46)

History of corticosteroids

  

No

Ref

Ref

Yes

6.35 (3.71–10.87) **

2.01 (1.52–2.64) **

History of VEGF inhibitors

  

No

Ref

Ref

Yes

0.38 (0.13–1.12)

1.77 (1.23–2.54) *

  1. Models were adjusted with age, gender, antiresorptive drug, use of corticosteroids, and use of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors.
  2. HR (95% CI): Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval); VEGFs: vascular endothelial growth factors; Ref: Reference group.
  3. *p value < 0.05.
  4. **p value < 0.001.
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