Table 1 The characteristics of participants according to menstrual status.
Premenopausal women (n = 1,165) | Postmenopausal women (n = 1,331) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years, mean + SD) | 45.6 ± 4.0 | 52.7 ± 4.7 | < 0.001 |
Race/Ethnicity (%) | 0.078 | ||
Non-Hispanic White | 33.3 | 36.5 | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 22.8 | 24.5 | |
Mexican American | 16.4 | 13.6 | |
Other race/ethnicity | 27.5 | 25.4 | |
Education level (%) | < 0.001 | ||
Less than high school | 18.7 | 18.3 | |
High school | 17.5 | 24.3 | |
More than high school | 63.8 | 57.5 | |
Sedentary behavior (%) | < 0.001 | ||
Yes | 47.8 | 54.8 | |
No | 52.2 | 45.2 | |
Hypertension (%) | < 0.001 | ||
Yes | 27.8 | 42.0 | |
No | 72.2 | 58.0 | |
Diabetes (%) | < 0.001 | ||
Yes | 8.8 | 14.9 | |
No | 91.2 | 85.1 | |
Cancer (%) | < 0.001 | ||
Yes | 5.2 | 11.2 | |
No | 94.8 | 88.8 | |
Body mass index (kg/m2, mean + SD) | 30.1 ± 7.5 | 30.3 ± 7.1 | 0.439 |
Dietary energy (kcal/d, mean + SD) | 1838.3 ± 651.8 | 1733.6 ± 627.8 | < 0.001 |
Dietary protein (g/d, mean + SD) | 71.6 ± 27.4 | 67.8 ± 27.1 | < 0.001 |
Dietary calcium [mg/d, median (Q1-Q3)] | 779.5 (550.0-1037.0) | 731.0 (511.0-998.5) | 0.004 |
Dietary vitamin D [µg/d, median (Q1-Q3)] | 2.8 (1.5-5.0) | 2.8 (1.4–4.8) | 0.841 |
Calcium supplement use (%) | < 0.001 | ||
≤ 100 mg/30d | 14.8 | 11.1 | |
> 100 mg/30d | 25.1 | 31.3 | |
Not recored | 60.1 | 57.6 | |
Vitamin D supplement use (%) | 0.060 | ||
≤ 20 µg /30d | 21.0 | 19.8 | |
> 20 µg /30d | 18.2 | 22.0 | |
Not recored | 60.8 | 58.2 | |
Appendicular lean mass index (g/m2, mean + SD) | 7223.0 ± 1482.0 | 7049.8 ± 1394.7 | 0.003 |
