Table 3 Tests of measurement invariance across sex, age, education, marital status, employment status, and chronic condition (N = 1053), and measurement points T1-T2 (N = 853).

From: The sense of coherence scale and relationships between sense of coherence, sociodemographic variables and chronic disease

Grouping variable/tested invariance	χ² (df)	χ²/df	CFI	RMSEA	90% CI RMSEA	SRMR	Δχ²(df)	ΔCFI	ΔRMSEA	ΔSRMR
Sex
Configural	149.927(44)***	3.407	.963	.048	[.040-.069]	.0362
Metric	152.206(50)***	3.044	.964	.044	[.036-.052]	.0373	2.279(6)ns	.001	-.004	.001
Scalar	217.173(59)***	3.681	.944	.051	[.043-.058]	.0375	67.246(15)***	-.02	.007	.0002
Residual	239.418(76)***	3.150	.943	.045	[.039-.052]	.0425	89.492(32)***	-.001	-.006	.005
Age
Configural	204.222(88)***	2.321	.957	.035	[.029-.042]	.0473
Metric	226.545(106)***	2.137	.956	.033	[.027-.039]	.0471	22.319(18)ns	-.001	-.002	-.0002
Scalar	379.979(133)***	2.857	.909	.042	[.037-.047]	.0606	175.753(45)***	.047	.009	.013
Education
Configural	191.843(66)***	2.907	.957	.043	[.036-.050]	.0698
Metric	222.922(78)***	2.858	.957	.042	[.036-.049]	.0924	31.079(12)**	0	-.001	.022
Scalar	274.052(96)	2.855	.940	.042	[.036-.048]	.0912	82.208(30)***	-.011	0	-.001
Marital status
Configural	235.955(110)***	2.145	.954	.033	[.027-.039]	.0640
Metric	277.404(134)***	2.070	.948	.032	[.027-.037]	.0650	41.449(24)*	-.006	-.001	.001
Employment status
Configural	147.572(44)***	3.354	.964	.047	[.039-.056]	.0335
Metric	159.248(50)***	3.185	.962	.046	[.039-.053]	.0439	11.676(6)ns	-.002	-.001	.010
Scalar	190.728(59)***	3.233	.954	.046	[.038-.052]	.0440	43.156(15)***	-.008	0	.014
Residual	234.464(76)***	3.085	.945	.045	[.190-.202]	.0586	86.893(32)***	-.009	-.001	.014
Place of residence
Configural	233.201(110)***	2.120	.958	.033	[.027-.029]	.0430
Metric	257.918(134)***	1.925	.958	.030	[.024-.035]	.0461	24.716(24)ns	0	-.003	.003
Scalar	298.786(170)***	1.758	.957	.027	[.022-.032]	.0468	65.585(60)ns	-.001	-.003	.0007
Residual	411.854(238)***	1.730	.941	.026	[.022-.031]	.0561	178.653(128)**	-.016	-.001	.009
Chronic condition
Configural	170.863(44)***	3.883	.956	.052	[.044-.061]	.0372
Metric	174.392(50)***	3.488	.957	.049	[.041-.057]	.0399	3.529(6)ns	.001	-.003	.002
Scalar	190.500(59)***	3.229	.955	.046	[.039-.053]	.0397	19.637(15)ns	-.002	-.003	-.0002
Residual	218.526(76)***	2.875	.951	.042	[.036-.049]	.0396	47.663(32)*	-.004	-.004	-.0001
Measure T1-T2
Configural	244.101(44)***	5.548	.960	.052	[0.45-.058]	.0339
Metric	248.558(50)***	4.917	.960	.048	[.042-.054]	.0332	4.457(6)ns	0	-.004	-.0007
Scalar	261.917(59)***	4.439	.960	.045	[.039-.051]	.0333	17.816(15)ns	0	-.003	.0001
Residual	286.251(76)***	3.766	.958	.040	[.035-.045]	.0352	42.150(32)ns	-.002	-.005	.001

CFI = Comparative Fit Index, RMSEA = Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, SRMR = Standardized Root Mean Square Residual. * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001, ns = not significant.

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Table 3 Tests of measurement invariance across sex, age, education, marital status, employment status, and chronic condition (N = 1053), and measurement points T1-T2 (N = 853).

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