Fig. 1 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 1

From: Elucidating a novel metabolic pathway for enhanced antimicrobial glycolipid biosurfactant production in the yeast Meyerozyma guilliermondii

Fig. 1

Proteomic profiles of M. guilliermondii during fermentation of 8% xylose, 8% palm oil, 1.5% ammonium sulphate, 1.5% yeast extract, 1.5% urea, and 3% NaCl were compared under conditions of 8% palm oil versus no palm oil on Day 2. Protein expression cluster analysis of the M. guilliermondii MX strain during palm oil addition on Day 2 showed upregulated (in green) and downregulated (in red) proteins (A). Proteomic profiles of M. guilliermondii were also compared for the condition induced with 8% palm oil on Day 8 (late stationary phase) and Day 2 (early stationary phase) (B). A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was visualized using STRING, with an enrichment map of KEGG and GO genes linked to fatty acid biosynthesis when induced with palm oil in the M. guilliermondii MX strain on Day 2 (C) and Day 8 (D). Palm oil induced the expression of proteins involved in xylose metabolism, the PPP, the TCA cycle, fatty acid metabolism, and the ER stress response (fold change) (E). The KEGG database (https://www.kegg.jp/kegg/kegg1.html) was queried to identify proteins involved in glycolipid biosynthesis.

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