Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the trial groups.
Esketamine group (n = 211) | Normal saline group (n = 213) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||
Age, years | 71 (7) | 70 (6) | 0.66 |
Sex, Male | 128 (60.7%) | 125 (58.7%) | 0.68 |
Body-mass index, kg/m2 | 24.0 (4.4) | 23.9 (5.0) | 0.91 |
Risk factors and comorbidities | |||
Hypertension | 142 (67.3%) | 138 (64.8%) | 0.59 |
Coronary heart disease | 37 (17.5%) | 28 (13.5%) | 0.21 |
Chronic kidney disease | 24 (11.4%) | 17 (8.0%) | 0.24 |
Respiratory disease | 28 (13.3%) | 25 (11.7%) | 0.63 |
Diabetes mellitus | 27 (12.8%) | 20 (9.4%) | 0.26 |
Preoperative medication | |||
Antiplatelet agents | 19 (9.0%) | 25 (11.7%) | 0.36 |
Anticoagulants agents | 16 (7.6%) | 13 (6.1%) | 0.55 |
Beta blockers | 47 (18.7%) | 37 (14.7%) | 0.21 |
Calcium channel blockers | 108 (51.2%) | 110 (51.6%) | 0.93 |
ARB | 64 (30.3%) | 60 (28.2%) | 0.62 |
ACEI | 23 (10.9%) | 27 (12.7%) | 0.51 |
Diuretics | 16 (7.6%) | 22 (10.3%) | 0.32 |
Nitrates | 8 (3.8%) | 13 (6.1%) | 0.27 |
Statins | 52 (24.6%) | 45 (21.1%) | 0.39 |
Baseline vital signs | |||
SBP, mmHg | 135 (19) | 137 (22) | 0.07 |
DBP, mmHg | 81 (7) | 81 (7) | 0.40 |
Heart rate, bpm | 82 (12) | 84 (12) | 0.06 |
SpO2, % | 98 (1) | 97 (1) | 0.22 |
BIS value | 97 (1) | 97 (1) | 0.70 |
ASA physical status | 1.00 | ||
II | 106 (50.2%) | 107 (50.2%) | |
III | 105 (49.8%) | 106 (49.8%) | |
Type of surgery | 0.94 | ||
Breast/thyroid/vascular | 7 (3.3%) | 6 (2.8%) | |
Ears/nose/throat/ophthalmology | 13 (6.2%) | 11 (5.2%) | |
Gastrointestinal/gynaecologic | 39 (18.5%) | 35 (16.4%) | |
Hepatobiliary/pancreatic | 16 (7.6%) | 12 (5.6%) | |
Neurosurgical | 13 (6.2%) | 16 (7.5%) | |
Orthopaedic/spine | 35 (16.6%) | 41 (19.2%) | |
Thoracic | 32 (15.2%) | 38 (17.8%) | |
Urologic | 56 (26.5%) | 54 (25.4%) | |
Working years of anesthesiologist | 11 (15) | 6 (14) | 0.58 |
