Table 1 Survey items and questions.

Distracted

When driving, I communicate and chat with the passengers

FX1

I once misjudged the distance between vehicles due to being distracted while driving, and had to immediately slow down

FX2

When driving, I will "pass the time" by playing with my phone, listening to the radio, and enjoying the scenery outside

FX3

Anxious

I feel nervous when driving

JL1

When driving, I always worry about hitting pedestrians or vehicles

JL2

On the uncongested highway, I usually drive at or slightly below the speed limit

JL3

Conservative

My driving behavior is based on the motto of "caution is better than sorry, safety is always better than regret"

BS1

I often understand the driving behaviors of other drivers and am always ready to respond to unexpected maneuvers by other drivers

BS2

I prefer to keep a safe distance from the car in front and rarely overtake

BS3

Adventurous

I will deliberately keep close to the vehicle ahead to prevent other drivers from cutting in

MX1

When the green light turns yellow, I will also drive straight through

MX2

When there’s traffic congestion, I will choose other routes that allow for a faster journey

MX3

Angry

When I feel dissatisfied, I will flash the lights or honk at other vehicles

FN1

I often feel displeased with the behavior of some drivers

FN2

During rush hour, I often feel anxious and impatient

FN3

Perceived usefulness

I believe that the ‘traffic light’ countdown can enhance my driving experience

GZYYX1

I believe the ‘traffic light’ countdown can promptly remind me to adjust my driving speed

GZYYX2

When stuck in traffic, the countdown for ‘traffic lights’ can promptly alleviate my anxiety

GZYYX3

The ‘traffic light’ countdown function helps me avoid the visual blind spot at intersections and save travel time

GZYYX4

Perceived risk

I'm concerned that the data provided by the “traffic light” countdown is not accurate

GZFXX1

I am concerned about the legal liability issues arising from accidents caused by relying on the ‘traffic light’ countdown

GZFXX2

 I think focusing on the countdown of ‘traffic light’ while driving can distract my attention

GZFXX3

I am concerned that the ‘green light countdown’ will prompt some drivers to accelerate and rush through the intersection ahead of time

GZFXX4

Trust

I believe the ‘traffic light’ countdown function is reliable

XR1

Overall, I am willing to use the ‘traffic light’ countdown function

XR2

I would recommend the ‘traffic light’ countdown feature to my relatives and friends

XR3

Usage conditions

I tend to prefer using it after the ‘traffic light’ countdown function is implemented at all intersections

SYTJ1

I think the ‘traffic light’ countdown is very convenient to use

SYTJ2

I prefer to use the ‘traffic light’ countdown function when I’m stuck in traffic and unfamiliar with the road conditions

SYTJ3

Regarding the ‘traffic light’ countdown information reminder method, I prefer

SYTJ4

Regarding the countdown information reminder content of ‘traffic lights’, I prefer

SYTJ5

Behavioral intention

What is your opinion on the ‘traffic light’ countdown function in navigation?

XWYX1

Do you think the ‘traffic light’ countdown function in navigation is useful to society?

XWYX2

How receptive are you to the ‘traffic light’ countdown function in navigation?

XWYX3

What impact do you think the ‘traffic light’ countdown function in navigation will have on the existing traffic?

XWYX4