Table 1 Review of relevant works.

From: Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) on the smart grids based on VGG19 deep neural network and Harris Hawks optimization algorithm

References

Method

Advantages

Disadvantages

Dataset

25

Bayesian approach integrated with CNN networks

More accuracy than RNN and LSTM

Low certainty Bayesian method

ICS

26

Federal learning

More accuracy than GRU, LSTM, and RNN

Unbalanced data set

KDD, NSL-KDD, and CIDDS

27

WCGAN

More accuracy than RF, DT, and SVM

No Dimension reduction

NSL-K, UNSW-NB15 and BoT-IoT

28

Cyber-physical system in SDN

Decrease the occurrence of false alerts by 35–59%

Lack of intelligent feature selection

SDN traffic

29

Blockchain in smart grids

High confidentiality

Blockchain overhead

30

Enhanced Firefly Algorithm and CNN

Accuracy was almost 98%

No feature selection

SDN traffic

31

ML-enabled sensor technology integration

Gaussian SVM exhibits higher accuracy

Imbalance and absence of variable selection

Zigbee traffic

32

SMOTE method and decision tree method

Detection of 5 types of attacks

Abstaining from dimensionality Minimization and selecting optimal features

NSL-KDD

33

Five machine learning algorithms

Low latency and error

Not being able to detect all attacks

DER

34

Combination of three decision-trees

More accuracy than SVM, KNN, and DT

Imbalanced dataset and unreduced traffic dimensions

NSL-KDD

35

CNN

More accurate than LSTM

Lack of CNN optimization

UNSW_NB15 and KDDCup 99

36

PSO algorithms and autoencoders

Appropriate accuracy

Lack of intelligent feature selection

NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15

37

Machine learning and signature-based

Low false alarm rate

Memory waste and blacklist time overhead

The dataset includes MITM attacks.