Table 1 Summary table of participants’ sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle behaviours, stratified by gardening status.
From: The association of daily gardening and healthy ageing in Singapore
Variable | Do not garden daily | Garden daily | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
(n = 284) | (n = 102) | ||
Age (years), mean (SD) | 51.19 (15.51) | 56.89 (14.98) | 0.001 |
Gender, n (%) | 0.047 | ||
Male | 167 (58.8) | 72 (70.6) | |
Female | 117 (41.2) | 30 (29.4) | |
Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.197 | ||
Chinese | 220 (80.6) | 77 (76.2) | |
Indian | 28 (10.3) | 17 (16.8) | |
Malay | 25 (9.2) | 7 (6.9) | |
Marital status, n (%) | |||
Single / divorced / widowed | 61 (21.5) | 20 (19.6) | 0.798 |
Married | 223 (78.5) | 82 (80.4) | |
Living arrangements, n (%) | |||
Live alone | 37 (13.0) | 12 (11.8) | 0.877 |
Do not live alone | 247 (87.0) | 90 (88.2) | |
Residence type, n (%) | 0.013 | ||
1 or 2-room | 21 (7.4) | 3 (2.9) | |
3-room | 82 (28.9) | 18 (17.6) | |
4 / 5-room / executive | 181 (63.7) | 81 (79.4) | |
Higher education (a levels and above), n (%) | 170 (59.9) | 48 (47.1) | 0.034 |
Work status, n (%) | 0.012 | ||
Not working | 116 (40.8) | 59 (57.8) | |
Working, earnings less than $5000 | 97 (34.2) | 24 (23.5) | |
Working, earnings more than $5000 | 71 (25.0) | 19 (18.6) | |
Lifestyle behaviours, n (%) | |||
Community participation | 80 (28.2) | 41 (40.2) | 0.034 |
Smoking | 47 (16.5) | 15 (14.7) | 0.781 |
Alcohol consumption | 64 (22.5) | 18 (17.6) | 0.371 |
Ideal sleep range | 73 (25.7) | 34 (33.3) | 0.178 |
Poor health, n (%) | 119 (41.9) | 37 (36.3) | 0.381 |
Health limitations, n (%) | 0.612 | ||
None at all | 210 (73.9) | 76 (74.5) | |
A little | 41 (14.4) | 16 (15.7) | |
A moderate amount | 24 (8.5) | 9 (8.8) | |
A lot | 7 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
A great deal | 2 (0.7) | 1 (1.0) | |
Anxiety | |||
Presence of anxiety, n (%) | 64 (22.5) | 18 (17.6) | 0.371 |
Anxiety grading (GAD-7), n (%) | 0.533 | ||
None | 220 (77.5) | 84 (82.4) | |
Mild | 50 (17.6) | 16 (15.7) | |
Moderate | 10 (3.5) | 1 (1.0) | |
Severe | 4 (1.4) | 1 (1.0) | |
Anxiety (mean (SD)) | 2.48 (3.41) | 2.18 (3.07) | 0.425 |
Chronic conditions | |||
Diabetes | 35 (12.3) | 21 (20.6) | 0.062 |
Hypertension | 74 (26.1) | 31 (30.4) | 0.475 |
Hyperlipidemia | 65 (22.9) | 31 (30.4) | 0.171 |
Diabetes or hypertension or hyperlipidemia | 100 (35.2) | 43 (42.2) | 0.260 |
