Table 1 Summary of the analyzed biomarker levels, Mexico 2023.

From: Hemoglobin and mean platelet volume abnormalities in children exposed to heavy metals and metalloids in a pilot biomonitoring study

 

Median and IQR

Hemoglobin (mean ± SD, gr/dL)

13.9 ± 0.1

Hematocrit (mean ± SD, %)

40.3 ± 2.9

MCV (mean ± SD, fL)

80.8 ± 3.0

MCH (pg)

27.8 (27.1–28.5)

RDW (mean ± SD, %)

13.7 ± 0.5

Platelet count (cells/µL)

342 (296–387)

MPV (fL)

9.4 (8.9–10.0)

HM/MTs (ng/mL)

Aluminum

8.3 (4.8–15.0)

Arsenic

13.5 (6.1–21.4)

Barium

1.5 (0.8–2.6)

Cadmium

0.3 (0.2–0.4)

Cesium

7.7 (5.3–12.2)

Cobalt

0.7 (0.3–1.4)

Copper

15.4 (7.6–24.9)

Iron

456.6 (282.3–670.3)

Lead

2.2 (1.8–3.2)

Lithium

49.4 (33.0–66.8)

Mercury

0.6 (0.4–0.8)

Molybdenum

77.2 (40.7–144.6)

Nickel

4.7 (3.3–8.0)

Selenium

78.8 (60.1–107.8)

Strontium

157.8 (111.1–257.5)

Tellurium

0.61 (0.59–0.62)

Tin

1.1 (0.6–2.1)

Titanium

20.1 (14.0–38.4)

Zinc

553.9 (355.1–798.6)

  1. Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; RDW, red cell distribution width; MPV, mean platelet volume; HM/MTs, heavy metals and metalloids.
  2. Note: (1) The heavy HM/MTs levels were assessed urine samples; (2) The median and IQR is presented unless the arithmetic mean ± SD is specified, indicating that the data deviated significantly from a normal distribution based on the Shapiro-Wilk test; (3) The number of children included in each HM/MTs analysis was 91, except for the following, based on urinary levels above the limit of detection: mercury and strontium (\(\:n\) = 90 each); nickel, tin, and titanium (\(\:n\) = 89 each); aluminum, cobalt, and copper (\(\:n\) = 87 each); and arsenic (\(\:n\) = 85).
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