Table 2 Relationship between urinary heavy metals and metalloids levels with Erythrocyte-Related paraclinical parameters, Mexico 2023.

From: Hemoglobin and mean platelet volume abnormalities in children exposed to heavy metals and metalloids in a pilot biomonitoring study

 

Rho (95% CI)

Hemoglobin

(gr/dL)

Hematocrit

(%)

MCV

(fL)

MCH

(pg)

RDW

(%)

Aluminum

0.06 (− 0.15 to 0.27)

0.10 (− 0.11 to 0.31)

− 0.05 (− 0.25 to 0.14)

− 0.15 (− 0.36 to 0.06)

0.10 (− 0.13 to 0.32)

Arsenic

− 0.02 (− 0.22 to 0.18)

− 0.04 (− 0.24 to 0.17)

0.03 (− 0.18 to 0.23)

0.07 (− 0.15 to 0.29)

0.04 (− 0.16 to 0.25)

Barium

0.10 (− 0.11 to 0.31)

0.10 (− 0.12 to 0.31)

0.13 (− 0.09 to 0.35)

0.10 (− 0.12 to 0.33)

− 0.05 (− 0.26 to 0.16)

Cadmium

0.12 (− 0.09 to 0.33)

0.17 (− 0.10 to 0.32)

0.07 (− 0.15 to 0.29)

0.07 (− 0.16 to 0.30)

0.06 (− 0.16 to 0.28)

Cesium

0.02 (− 0.20 to 0.24)

0.04 (− 0.02 to 0.26)

− 0.13 (− 0.33 to 0.07)

− 0.11 (− 0.33 to 0.11)

0.11 (− 0.11 to 0.32)

Cobalt

0.12 (− 0.08 to 0.32)

0.13 (− 0.08 to 0.34)

0.19 (− 0.01 to 0.38)

0.16 (− 0.04 to 0.37)

− 0.15 (− 0.36 to 0.06)

Copper

− 0.19 (− 0.40 to 0.02)

− 0.22 (− 0.43 to − 0.01)*

0.04 (− 0.18 to 0.25)

0.13 (− 0.08 to 0.35)

− 0.01 (− 0.23 to 0.20)

Iron

0.03 (− 0.16 to 0.23)

− 0.01 (− 0.22 to 0.20)

0.14 (− 0.05 to 0.34)

0.15 (− 0.06 to 0.36)

− 0.10 (− 0.31 to 0.10)

Lead

− 0.21 (− 0.41 to − 0.01)*

− 0.24 (− 0.44 to − 0.05)*

0.16 (− 0.05 to 0.37)

0.21 (0.01 to 0.42)*

− 0.02 (− 0.22 to 0.19)

Lithium

− 0.06 (− 0.27 to 0.14)

− 0.05 (− 0.25 to 0.14)

0.01 (− 0.21 to 0.23)

0.02 (− 0.19 to 0.24)

0.06 (− 0.16 to 0.28)

Mercury

− 0.23 (− 0.43 to − 0.04)*

− 0.20 (− 0.40 to 0.01)

− 0.02 (− 0.22 to 0.19)

− 0.02 (− 0.23 to 0.19)

0.01 (− 0.20 to 0.22)

Molybdenum

0.18 (− 0.01 to 0.38)

0.16 (− 0.04 to 0.36)

0.06 (− 0.15 to 0.27)

0.08 (− 0.14 to 0.30)

0.03 (− 0.20 to 0.26)

Nickel

0.10 (− 0.11 to 0.30)

0.08 (− 0.12 to 0.28)

− 0.05 (− 0.26 to 0.16)

− 0.03 (− 0.24 to 0.17)

− 0.07 (− 0.28 to 0.14)

Selenium

− 0.05 (− 0.27 to 0.17)

− 0.06 (− 0.28 to 0.17)

− 0.13 (− 0.32 to 0.06)

− 0.08 (− 0.29 to 0.14)

0.07 (− 0.15 to 0.29)

Strontium

0.09 (− 0.11 to 0.28)

0.05 (− 0.15 to 0.25)

0.27 (0.05 to 0.49)

0.28 (0.07 to 0.50)*

− 0.17 (− 0.38 to 0.03)

Tellurium

− 0.09 (− 0.30 to 0.12)

− 0.12 (− 0.31 to 0.07)

0.14 (− 0.06 to 0.33)

0.18 (− 0.02 to 0.37)

− 0.02 (− 0.23 to 0.20)

Tin

0.08 (− 0.13 to 0.29)

0.06 (− 0.16 to 0.28)

0.03 (− 0.18 to 0.23)

0.03 (− 0.18 to 0.24)

− 0.22 (− 0.44 to − 0.01)*

Titanium

0.17 (− 0.01 to 0.35)

0.16 (− 0.03 to 0.34)

− 0.01 (− 0.24 to 0.22)

− 0.01 (− 0.22 to 0.21)

0.05 (− 0.18 to 0.27)

Zinc

0.18 (− 0.03 to 0.38)

0.16 (− 0.06 to 0.38)

0.08 (− 0.15 to 0.31)

0.07 (− 0.16 to 0.29)

− 0.07 (− 0.31 to 0.17)

  1. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; RDW, red cell distribution width.
  2. Note: The number of children included in each correlation analysis is 91 for each substance, except for the following, based on urinary levels above the limit of detection: mercury and strontium (\(\:n\) = 90 each); nickel, tin, and titanium (\(\:n\) = 89 each); aluminum, cobalt, and copper (\(\:n\) = 87 each); and arsenic (\(\:n\) = 85).
  3. * \(\:p\) < 0.05.