Table 1 Mortality % of Anopheles pharoensis immature aquatic stages caused by tested photosensitizers.

From: Greenness assessment and phototoxicity of rose bengal and methylene blue on immature aquatic stages of malaria vector Anopheles pharoensis

Target stage

Rose Bengal

Methylene blue

Conc.

(ppm)

(dist. water)

24 h

48 h

Conc.

(ppm)

24 h

48 h

Larvae I

3.0

100 ± 0a

100 ± 0a

2.4

100 ± 0a

100 ± 0a

2.5

90.66 ± 3.77a

92.66 ± 7.71a

2.0

80 ± 3.26b

90.66 ± 1.88b

2.0

66.66 ± 4.98b

72 ± 3.26b

1.6

64 ± 3.26c

74.66 ± 1.88c

1.5

44.66 ± 0.94c

50.66 ± 1.88c

1.2

50.66 ± 1.88d

57.33 ± 1.88d

1.0

30.66 ± 1.88d

37.33 ± 1.88d

0.8

37.33 ± 1.88e

45.33 ± 1.88e

0.5

18.66 ± 3.77e

25.33 ± 3.77d

0.4

25.33 ± 3.77f

34.66 ± 1.88f

Control

0f

0e

Control

0g

0g

Larvae II

3.0

92 ± 3.26a

100 ± 0a

2.4

100 ± 0a

100 ± 0a

2.5

80 ± 3.26b

86.66 ± 1.88b

2.0

77.33 ± 3.77b

82.66 ± 4.98b

2.0

53.33 ± 1.88c

61.33 ± 1.88c

1.6

57.33 ± 1.88c

65.33 ± 1.88c

1.5

40 ± 3.26d

45.33 ± 1.88d

1.2

44 ± 3.26d

54.66 ± 1.88d

1.0

28 ± 3.26e

33.33 ± 3.77e

0.8

29.33 ± 1.88e

36 ± 2.82e

0.5

14.66 ± 1.88f

21.33 ± 1.88f

0.4

18.66 ± 1.88f

25.33 ± 1.88f

Control

0g

0g

Control

0g

0g

Larvae III

3.5

73.33 ± 1.88a

100 ± 0a

3.0

92 ± 3.26a

100 ± 0a

3.0

54.66 ± 1.88b

77.33 ± 1.88b

2.5

72 ± 3.26b

82.66 ± 4.98b

2.5

44 ± 3.26c

67.33 ± 0.94c

2.0

57.33 ± 1.88c

64 ± 3.26c

2.0

30.66 ± 1.88d

50.66 ± 1.88d

1.5

37.33 ± 1.88d

45.33 ± 1.88d

1.5

24 ± 3.26d

33.33 ± 1.88e

1.0

26.66 ± 1.88e

34.66 ± 1.88e

1.0

16 ± 0e

22.66 ± 1.88f

0.5

17.33 ± 1.88f

22.66 ± 1.88f

Control

0f

0g

Control

0g

0g

Larvae IV

4.0

66.66 ± 1.88a

100 ± 0a

3.5

84 ± 3.26a

100 ± 0a

3.5

54.66 ± 3.77b

80 ± 3.26b

3.0

66.66 ± 1.88b

73.33 ± 1.88b

3.0

44.66 ± 0.94c

68 ± 3.26c

2.5

57.33 ± 1.88c

64 ± 3.26c

2.5

34.66 ± 1.88d

49.33 ± 1.88d

2.0

45.33 ± 1.88d

50.66 ± 1.88d

2.0

24 ± 3.26e

37.33 ± 1.88e

1.5

30.66 ± 1.88e

38.66 ± 1.88e

1.5

13.33 ± 1.88f

21.33 ± 1.88f

1.0

18.66 ± 1.88f

25.33 ± 1.88f

Control

0g

0g

Control

0g

0g

Pupae

4.5

64 ± 3.26a

93.33 ± 1.88a

4.0

77.33 ± 1.88a

100 ± 0a

4.0

54.66 ± 1.88b

73.33 ± 1.88b

3.5

62.66 ± 1.88b

80 ± 3.26b

3.5

44.66 ± 0.94c

62.66 ± 1.88c

3.0

56 ± 2.82b

61.33 ± 1.88c

3.0

30.66 ± 1.88d

44 ± 3.26d

2.5

37.33 ± 1.88c

46.66 ± 1.88d

2.5

20 ± 3.26e

30.66 ± 1.88e

2.0

26.66 ± 1.88d

33.33 ± 1.88e

2.0

10.66 ± 1.88f

18.66 ± 1.88f

1.5

16 ± 3.26e

22.66 ± 3.77f

Control

0g

0g

Control

0f

0g