Table 3 Enzymatic activity of tested photosensitizers against Anopheles pharoensis at different immature aquatic stages.

From: Greenness assessment and phototoxicity of rose bengal and methylene blue on immature aquatic stages of malaria vector Anopheles pharoensis

Photosensitizers

Larval stage

Acetylcholinesterase

(AChE)

Glutathione-S-transferase

(GST)

24 h

48 h

24 h

48 h

Rose Bengal

Larvae I

4.86 ± 0.07e

4.95 ± 0.08c

0.53 ± 0.02e

0.46 ± 0.04e

Larvae II

5.14 ± 0.08d

5.33 ± 0.04bc

0.68 ± 0.06d

0.61 ± 0.03d

Larvae III

5.41 ± 0.08c

5.51 ± 0.11abc

0.89 ± 0.02c

0.79 ± 0.03c

Larvae IV

5.69 ± 0.06b

5.83 ± 0.06ab

1.06 ± 0.06b

0.92 ± 0.04b

Pupae

6.21 ± 0.17a

6.18 ± 0.64a

1.24 ± 0.06a

1.11 ± 0.06a

Methylene blue

Larvae I

4.64 ± 0.07e

4.77 ± 0.06c

0.67 ± 0.04d

0.58 ± 0.04d

Larvae II

4.83 ± 0.07d

4.96 ± 0.08c

0.77 ± 0.05d

0.65 ± 0.02d

Larvae III

5.14 ± 0.05c

5.71 ± 0.05b

1.14 ± 0.05c

1.08 ± 0.04c

Larvae IV

5.55 ± 0.08b

6.0 ± 0.10a

1.14 ± 0.05b

1.08 ± 0.04b

Pupae

5.90 ± 0.07a

6.15 ± 0.07a

1.32 ± 0.04a

1.20 ± 0.02a

Control

(dist. water)

Larvae I

5.31 ± 0.09d

5.58 ± 0.10d

0.43 ± 0.05d

0.39 ± 0.03d

Larvae II

5.51 ± 0.07d

5.75 ± 0.05d

0.56 ± 0.06d

0.52 ± 0.05c

Larvae III

5.74 ± 0.11c

5.98 ± 0.04c

0.74 ± 0.05c

0.69 ± 0.04b

Larvae IV

5.97 ± 0.06b

6.36 ± 0.10b

0.90 ± 0.05b

0.79 ± 0.04b

Pupae

6.54 ± 0.07a

6.75 ± 0.07a

1.05 ± 0.07a

0.96 ± 0.06a