Table 3 Associations of ambient air pollution and temperature exposure with primary and secondary infertility among participants during different periods.

From: A retrospective study on the association of ambient air pollutants and temperature co-exposure with female infertility risk in Chengdu, China

Category

Exposure

window

Primary infertility cases

Secondary infertility cases

Odds ratio

95% CI

P-value

Odds ratio

95% CI

P-value

SO2

Period 1

1.31

1.13, 1.64

0.004**

1.28

0.88, 1.77

0.558

 

Period 2

1.04

0.85, 1.14

0.603

1.17

0.78, 1.56

0.678

 

Period 3

1.22

0.75, 1.83

0.619

1.14

0.75, 1.49

0.201

 

Period 4

1.11

0.77, 1.82

0.281

1.08

0.88, 1.32

0.754

 

Period 5

0.89

0.81, 1.08

0.194

1.07

0.83, 1.39

0.402

NO2

Period 1

1.11

0.92, 1.23

0.392

1.08

0.93, 1.22

0.674

 

Period 2

1.17

1.06, 1.28

< 0.001***

1.12

0.82, 1.47

0.493

 

Period 3

1.09

0.91, 1.48

0.076

1.03

0.91, 1.16

0.349

 

Period 4

1.08

1.03, 1.14

0.003**

0.87

0.74, 1.08

0.529

 

Period 5

1.03

0.89, 1.31

0.539

1.09

0.89, 1.28

0.095

PM2.5

Period 1

1.21

0.76, 1.92

0.256

1.32

1.08, 1.56

< 0.001***

 

Period 2

1.09

0.87, 1.61

0.459

1.18

0.87, 1.58

0.631

 

Period 3

1.18

0.79, 1.76

0.072

1.05

0.92, 1.18

0.933

 

Period 4

1.08

0.85, 1.56

0.139

1.10

0.81, 1.45

0.385

 

Period 5

1.18

0.86, 1.61

0.421

1.08

1.01, 1.13

0.007**

PM10

Period 1

0.92

0.83, 1.08

0.301

1.09

1.01, 1.17

0.022*

 

Period 2

1.04

0.88, 1.14

0.865

1.08

0.93, 1.22

0.244

 

Period 3

1.11

0.98, 1.35

0.672

1.21

1.05, 1.38

0.005**

 

Period 4

1.32

1.04, 1.57

0.008**

1.16

0.87, 1.54

0.295

 

Period 5

1.08

0.82, 1.45

0.823

1.14

1.03, 1.23

0.003**

CO

Period 1

1.06

0.93, 1.15

0.624

1.06

0.94, 1.19

0.272

 

Period 2

0.94

0.86, 1.09

0.634

1.14

0.91, 1.47

0.321

 

Period 3

1.08

0.91, 1.23

0.402

1.01

0.88, 1.13

0.090

 

Period 4

0.92

0.82, 1.08

0.433

1.16

0.85, 1.58

0.772

 

Period 5

0.95

0.83, 1.09

0.267

1.02

0.84, 1.21

0.824

O3

Period 1

0.91

0.79, 1.07

0.535

0.94

0.87, 1.03

0.376

 

Period 2

1.05

0.98, 1.12

0.286

1.05

0.85, 1.29

0.126

 

Period 3

0.97

0.83, 1.03

0.211

1.09

0.92, 1.26

0.443

 

Period 4

0.98

0.91, 1.06

0.951

0.94

0.85, 1.04

0.399

 

Period 5

1.15

0.97, 1.45

0.335

0.95

0.85, 1.06

0.825

Temperature

Period 1

0.92

0.85, 0.96

0.007**

0.91

0.83, 0.95

0.006**

 

Period 2

1.03

0.92, 1.15

0.898

0.87

0.75, 1.11

0.259

 

Period 3

1.08

0.91, 1.18

0.532

0.95

0.81, 1.11

0.814

 

Period 4

0.95

0.72, 1.23

0.747

0.92

0.78, 1.09

0.537

 

Period 5

0.94

0.82, 1.11

0.318

1.05

0.89, 1.23

0.313

  1. CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
  2. Per 10 µg/m3 increase in air pollutants level or 1 °C increase in temperature. Bold text values indicate significance: * p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01 *** p < 0.001. The model adjusted for all covariates, including age, BMI, ethnicity, employment status, residential region, history of miscarriage, normalized difference vegetation index, distance from the main road, rainfall, community housing prices, building age, surrounding population density, and gross domestic product per square kilometer.
Back to article page