Table 1 Details of the metrics used to evaluate the CNN models in this study.

From: Deep learning twined spatial analysis for detection of mysterious fairy circles

Evaluation metric

Formula

Accuracy

\(\:Acc=\:\frac{No.\:of\:correct\:predictions}{Total\:no.\:of\:predictions}\)

BCE loss

\(\:L\left(y,\:\widehat{y}\right)=\:-(ylog\left(\widehat{y}\right)+(1-y)\text{l}\text{o}\text{g}(1-\widehat{y})\)

Cohen kappa

\(\:\kappa\:=\:\frac{{p}_{0}-\:{p}_{e}}{1-\:{p}_{e}}\)

AUC

\(\:AUC=\:\sum\:_{i=1}^{n}({FPR}_{i+1}\:-\:{FPR}_{i})\left(\frac{{TPR}_{i+1}+{TPR}_{i}}{2}\right)\)

Precision

\(\:precision=\:\frac{TP}{TP+FP}\)

Recall

\(\:recall=\:\frac{TP}{TP+FP}\)

F1

\(\:F1=\:2\:\times\:\frac{precision\:\times\:recall}{precision+recall}\)

  1. TP true positive, FP false positive, TPR TP rate, FPR FP rate, po observed agreement, pe expected agreement.