Fig. 1

Gastrointestinal symptoms and constipation in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) after Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) treatment. Note: (A) Changes in Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) scores between the pre-ECT and post-ECT groups. (B) Changes in GSRS-constipation scores between the pre-ECT and post-ECT groups. (C) Factor analysis of GSRS. ****p < 0.0001.