Fig. 3

showed a significant positive association was found between ADHD and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (OR 1.63 [95% CI 1.45–1.83]) (I2 = 57%, Tau2 = 0.0045 p = 0.13). No association was found in case of IBD subtype (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis), celiac disease and constipation.