Fig. 1

Ring-width chronologies: Polylepis rugulosa (A) and P. tarapacana (B). The arrows represent specific ENSO events [El Niño (1958, 1963, 1991 and 1993), and La Niña (1955, 1961, 1975 and 1984)]. The gray area represents the number of series in the chronology. Statistical features are shown by the running Expressed Population Signal (EPS) where the horizontal dashed line shows the 0.85 EPS threshold, and the sample depth through time for each chronology.