Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants in the NHANES 2017–2020.3 cycle.

From: Association between estimated glucose disposal rate and the risk of MAFLD in American adults: a cross-sectional study

Characteristic

eGDR (mg/kg/min)

P value

Q1(< 5.271)

Q2(5.271–7.692)

Q3(7.692–9.837)

Q4(≄ 9.837)

Age (year)

57.24(0.78)

53.76(1.07)

46.93(0.94)

38.35(0.87)

 < 0.0001

Sex, n (%)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

 < 0.001

Ā Female

430(45.00)

455(51.86)

460(49.59)

553(60.86)

Ā 

Ā Male

468(55.00)

440(48.14)

435(50.41)

344(39.14)

Ā 

Race, n (%)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

0.002

Ā Non-hispanic black

296(12.74)

239(12.15)

176(8.93)

197(9.37)

Ā 

Ā Mexican race

67(4.70)

77(6.09)

124(8.68)

90(6.85)

Ā 

Ā Other race

163(11.67)

258(17.61)

268(15.92)

313(18.54)

Ā 

Ā Non-hispanic white

372(70.89)

321(64.15)

327(66.48)

297(65.24)

Ā 

Education level, n (%)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

0.001

Ā High school

224(28.63)

191(25.53)

176(21.64)

173(19.76)

Ā 

Ā Less than high school

130(9.04)

129(8.89)

121(7.57)

97(5.03)

Ā 

Ā More than high school

544(62.33)

575(65.58)

598(70.80)

627(75.21)

Ā 

Marital status, n (%)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

0.02

Ā Married or cohabitation

534(69.25)

547(66.29)

583(66.66)

533(58.90)

Ā 

Ā Others

364(30.75)

348(33.71)

312(33.34)

364(41.10)

Ā 

PIR, n (%)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

0.63

Ā < 1.0

138(8.44)

126(9.64)

127(8.61)

143(10.40)

Ā 

Ā 1.0–3.0

368(31.91)

372(32.00)

341(29.61)

328(27.92)

Ā 

 ≄ 3.0

392(59.65)

397(58.36)

427(61.78)

426(61.68)

Ā 

BMI, Kg/m2

35.95(0.37)

30.52(0.33)

29.96(0.22)

23.53(0.14)

 < 0.0001

HbA1c (%)

6.35(0.08)

5.72(0.04)

5.51(0.02)

5.24(0.01)

 < 0.0001

Hypertension, n (%)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

 < 0.0001

Ā No

41(4.35)

247(32.44)

855(97.00)

897(100.00)

Ā 

Ā Yes

857(95.65)

648(67.56)

40(3.00)

0(0.00)

Ā 

Diabetes, n (%)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

 < 0.0001

Ā DM

417(42.85)

170(14.77)

88(6.03)

15(0.64)

Ā 

Ā IFG

74(10.33)

82(9.78)

63(7.81)

31(2.49)

Ā 

Ā No

407(46.83)

643(75.45)

744(86.16)

851(96.87)

Ā 

Hyperlipidemia, n (%)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

 < 0.0001

Ā No

162(15.89)

204(22.67)

267(28.75)

508(56.95)

Ā 

Ā Yes

736(84.11)

691(77.33)

628(71.25)

389(43.05)

Ā 

Smoking, n (%)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

0.01

Ā Former

290(34.98)

214(25.58)

176(22.20)

131(20.96)

Ā 

Ā Never

507(56.54)

559(63.23)

613(67.83)

657(69.07)

Ā 

Ā Now

101(8.48)

122(11.19)

106(9.97)

109(9.97)

Ā 

Drinking, n (%)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

0.19

Ā Mild

569(64.02)

528(60.79)

509(60.99)

497(55.59)

Ā 

Ā Moderate

220(26.15)

224(28.20)

264(29.50)

289(35.09)

Ā 

Ā Never

109(9.83)

143(11.00)

122(9.52)

111(9.33)

Ā 

Albumin (g/L)

40.28(0.18)

41.04(0.19)

41.13(0.19)

42.40(0.15)

 < 0.0001

ALT (U/L)

25.58(0.73)

23.10(0.61)

23.60(0.65)

16.87(0.35)

 < 0.0001

AST (U/L)

22.32(0.48)

21.66(0.51)

21.26(0.37)

20.05(0.47)

0.01

GGT (U/L)

36.88(1.95)

29.64(1.34)

26.93(1.24)

18.37(0.53)

 < 0.0001

ALP (U/L)

80.25(1.35)

77.33(1.00)

74.93(1.11)

64.91(0.99)

 < 0.0001

HDL (mg/dL)

47.63(0.64)

55.12(0.74)

52.61(0.44)

60.52(0.84)

 < 0.0001

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

179.15(6.61)

140.90(3.12)

140.79(4.59)

95.05(2.47)

< 0.0001

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

186.69(2.60)

193.23(2.23)

194.84(2.34)

182.05(2.65)

0.004

Waist circumference (cm)

117.96(0.77)

102.97(0.70)

101.42(0.41)

82.80(0.44)

 < 0.0001

Total bilirubin (umol/L)

7.96(0.22)

7.94(0.17)

8.13(0.29)

8.70(0.38)

0.31

Creatinine (umol/L)

80.91(1.05)

78.30(1.17)

76.38(0.76)

72.22(0.60)

< 0.0001

Uric acid (umol/L)

351.67(4.21)

329.60(4.57)

317.00(3.38)

279.38(3.34)

 < 0.0001

LSM (kpa)

7.54(0.28)

5.78(0.25)

5.10(0.20)

4.62(0.08)

< 0.0001

CAP (db/m)

314.77(3.00)

273.12(2.99)

263.58(2.97)

214.78(2.34)

 < 0.0001

AIP

1.20(0.04)

0.85(0.02)

0.87(0.03)

0.36(0.02)

 < 0.0001

Using sex hormones, n (%)

Ā Ā Ā 

0.09

Ā No

872(96.00)

867(94.76)

845(92.30)

833(91.85)

Ā 

Ā Yes

26(4.00)

28(5.24)

50(7.70)

64(8.15)

Ā 

Using antidepressants, n (%)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

< 0.001

Ā No

739(81.87)

801(86.18)

811(87.54)

847(92.84)

Ā 

Ā Yes

159(18.13)

94(13.82)

84(12.46)

50(7.16)

Ā 

Using steroid medications, n (%)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

0.27

Ā No

871(97.93)

873(97.72)

881(97.27)

884(98.94)

Ā 

Ā Yes

27(2.07)

22(2.28)

14(2.73)

13(1.06)

Ā 

MAFLD, n (%)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

< 0.0001

Ā No

128(10.62)

351(35.63)

341(41.42)

763(87.96)

Ā 

Ā Yes

770(89.38)

544(64.37)

554(58.58)

134(12.04)

Ā 
  1. Continuous variables are summarized as means with standard errors, and categorical variables are presented as counts with their weighted percentages; One-way ANOVA was used for continuous data, while the Chi-square test was employed for categorical data.