Table 1 Daily and hourly summary table.

From: Artificial intelligence for streamflow prediction in river basins: a use case in Mar Menor

Papers

Region

Algorithms

Features

Horizon

Best model

Metrics

22

Kelantan River, Malasya

EELM, ELM, SRV

River flow of correlated lag times, rainfall, water lever and other physical parameters

Daily

EELM

NSE = 0.799 (EELM)

WI = 0.938 (EELM)

RMSE = 314.16 (EELM)

MAE = 100.42 (EELM)

23

Tajan River, Iran and Hongcheon RIver, South Korea

MSTree, MARS, EEMD

Daily rainfall and runoff data

Daily (1,2,3,4)

EEMD-MSTree

NSE = 0.855 (EEMD-MSTree)

RMSE = 8.677 (EEMD-MSTree)

WI = 0.960 (EEMD-MSTree)

26

Fujang River, China

OP-ELM, MARS, ANFIS-PSO, MSTree

Streamflow and precipitation

Daily

OP-ELM

RMSE = 155 (OP-ELM)

NSE = 0.751 (OP-ELM)

27

North Folk, Chehalis, Carson and Sacramento Rivers

SVR, ANN-BP, ELM

Precipitation, max and min temperature and its lags

Monthly and daily

SVR

RMSE = 41.86 (SVR,

daily, Sacramento)

R = 0.58 (SVR)

NSE = 0.33 (SVR)

28

Alexander Stream in Israel, Koksilah River in British Columbia, Canada Upper Boe River

ANN, SVR, WANN, WSVR

Daily streamflow and precipitation, min and max temperature and their lags, high and low frequency components from wavelet

Daily (1,2,3)

WANN

FSE = 3.854 (WANN,

1 day, Mediterranean)

R2 = 0.965 (SVR)

NSE = 0.681 (WANN)

25

Coruh River Basin, Turkey

DAR, SM, DAR-SM, DAR-SM-ANN

Drainage areas, streamflow in donor basins,

Daily

DAR-SM-ANN

NSE = 0.991 (DAR-SM-ANN)

RSR = 0.089 (DAR-SM-ANN)

R2 = 0.991 (DAR-SM-ANN)

30

River Arno, Italy

ANN

Rainfall and hydrometric data

Hourly (1–12 h)

ANN

RMSE = 0.4 (ANN, 6h)

31

Shenzen, China

ANN, LSTM, ANFIS, SOBEK

Meteorological data, hourly streamflow, river profiles

Hourly

LSTM

NSE = 0.976 (LSTM)

R2 = 0.977 (LSTM)

RMSE = 2.109 (SOBER)

32

Kelantan and Muda Rivers, Malasya

LSTM, CNN, ConvLSTM

Hourly streamflow and rainfall

Hourly (1,3,6)

ConvLSTM

NSE = 0.995 (ConvLSTM)

33

Audun Basin, China

DIFF-FFNN-LSTM, MLR, AR, ARIMA, LSTM, FFNN and combinations

Hourly streamflow and precipitation

Hourly

DIFF-FFNN-LSTM

RMSE = 9.31 (DIFF-FFNN-LSTM)

MAE = 3.63 (DIFF-FFNN-LSTM)

NSE = 0.99 (DIFF-FFNN-LSTM)

34

State of Iowa, USA

NRM, GRU, Ridge Regression, RF, LSTM

Previous rainfall, streamflow and evapotranspiration + forecasted rainfall and evaporation

Hourly (up to 120 h)

NRM

NSE \(\sim\)0.7 (NRM)

r \(\sim\)0.9 (NRM)

35

Johnson County, Iowa

ConvBIGRU, ConvGRU

Past streamflow and precipitation (36 lags)

Hourly (up to 36 h)

ConvGRU

NSE: 1–0.82 (ConvGRU)