Table 5 Biochemical profile, Immunological level and hormonal analysis of male brick kiln workers and control.

From: Detection of reproductive and hematobiochemical biomarkers to evaluate the impact of heavy metal exposure on brick kiln workers

Liver function tests

 ALP (U/L)

105 ± 0.31

126 ± 0.33***

p = 0.001

 ALT (U/L)

48.38 ± 0.10

55.80 ± 0.13***

p = 0.000

 AST (U/L)

29.66 ± 0.12

37.82 ± 0.13***

p = 0.001

 Bilirubin Total (mg/dL)

0.47 ± 0.01

1.94 ± 0.05***

p = 0.000

 Albumin (g/dL)

4.39 ± 0.21

3.88 ± 0.31**

p = 0.003

 Protein (g/dL)

8.10 ± 0.09

7.38 ± 0.06***

p = 0.001

Lipid profile

 Total cholesterol (mmole/L)

243.68 ± 4.59

304.54 ± 4.61**

p = 0.003

 Triglyceride (mmole/L)

127.27 ± 2.008

315.47 ± 2.58***

p = 0.001

 LDL (mmole/L)

76.33 ± 1.11

161.49 ± 4.73***

p = 0.000

 HDL (mg/dL)

58.78 ± 0.52

32.80 ± 0.56***

p = 0.001

Biochemical analysis

 CAT (U/min)

1.402 ± 0.018

1.003 ± 0.014**

p = 0.009

 SOD (U/min)

16.04 ± 0.04

13.81 ± 0.05***

p = 0.001

 POD (nmole)

22.72 ± 0.49

19.52 ± 0.42*

p = 0.01

 GSH (mM/l)

18.79 ± 0.06

11.05 ± 0.04***

p = 0.001

 ROS (μmole/min)

2.31 ± 0.01

3.48 ± 0.02**

p = 0.004

 TBARS (mM/mg/protein)

2.71 ± 0.05

5.91 ± 0.04**

p = 0.004

Antibody level

 IgM (g/dL)

0.92 ± 0.016

0.63 ± 0.007**

p = 0.007

Hormonal analysis

 Testosterone (ng/ml)

1.40 ± 0.05

1.08 ± 0.04***

p = 0.001

  1. *(p < 0.05), **(p < 0.01) and ***(p < 0.001) values for comparison among workers and control. Data represented as mean ± standard error of mean. ALP Alanine transaminase, ALP Aspartate aminotransferase, AST Alkaline phosphatase, LDL low-density lipid, HDL high-density lipid, CAT Catalase, SOD (U/min) Sodium dismutase, POD Peroxidase activity, GSH Reduced glutathione, ROS Reactive oxygen species, TBARS Thiobarbituric acid reactive species, IgM immunoglobulin M.
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