Table 1 Molecular features (taxonomy, MW (kDa) of ACS, backbone cleavage percent, area of DKPs and deamidation degree) of standard collagen and gelatine and animal glue samples.

From: Characterization of the secondary structure, renaturation and physical ageing of gelatine adhesives

 

Sample name

Taxonomy

MW (kDa) of ACS

Backbone cleavage percent

Sum of the normalized areas of all DKPs *10−4

Deamidation degree***

Standards

Collagen

Bos taurus

 ~ 30%

 + 

Gelatine A

Sus scrofa

 ~ 35%

 +  + 

Gelatine B

Bos taurus

 ~ 35%

 +  + 

Hide Pure (HP) glues

HP3*

(rabbit glue)

Bos taurus

 ≥ 30

25%

144

 +  +  + 

HP4*

(rabbit glue)

Bos taurus

 ≥ 40

 ~ 10%

146

 +  +  + 

HP6**

(fish glue)

Bos taurus

 ≥ 60

25%

157

 +  +  + 

HP8**

(rabbit glue)

Bos taurus

 ≥ 50

 ~ 15%

239

 +  + 

Hide Mixed (HM) glues

HM1*

(rabbit glue)

Bos taurus/Sus scrofa

 ≥ 50 (with some fraction at lower molecular weight)

 ~ 35%

165

 +  + 

HM4**

(rabbit glue)

Bos taurus/ Oryctolagus cuniculus

 ≥ 50 (with traces at lower molecular weight)

 ~ 20%

126

 +  + 

HM5**

(rabbit glue)

Oryctolagus cuniculus/ Sus scrofa

 ≥ 70 (with traces at lower molecular weight)

 ~ 25%

156

 + 

Bone Mixed (BM) glues

BM1*

(strong glue)

Bos taurus/ Sus scrofa

 ~ 25; ~ 60; ≥ 100

 ~ 60%

207

 +  + 

BM2*

(strong glue)

Bos taurus/ Sus scrofa/ Equus asinus

 ~ 25; ~ 60; ≥ 100

 ~ 70%

197

 +  + 

BM3**

(strong glue)

Bos taurus/ Sus scrofa/ Equus asinus

 ~ 25; ~ 60; ≥ 100

 ~ 45%

181

 +  + 

BM4**

(strong glue)

Bos taurus/ Sus scrofa/ Equus asinus

 ~ 25; ~ 60; ≥ 100

 ~ 30%

214

 +  + 

BM5**

(strong glue)

Bos taurus/ Sus scrofa/ Ovis aries/ Equus asinus

 ~ 25; ~ 60; ≥ 100

 ~ 85%

174

 +  + 

  1. Animal glues’ data are reported from Ntasi et al.50. The sample name column shows the abbreviation given according to the tissue of origin, and the original name is given in parentheses.
  2. *Sample provided by restoration workshop of the University Suor Orsola Benincasa (Naples).
  3. **Sample provided by Museo Nacional del Prado (Madrid).
  4. *** +++Corresponds to deamidation % of asparagine > 90% and glutamine > 60%; +  + corresponds to deamidation % of asparagine between 50 and 90% and glutamine between 1 and 30%; + corresponds to deamidation % of asparagine < 40%. and glutamine < 30%.