Fig. 4
Vertical sections of January 2023 research cruise. (a) \({\text{NO}}_{3}^{-}\) concentration [µM], (b) chlorophyll-a concentration [µ gL−1], and (c) turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate ε [Wkg−1], with latitude positions on top abscissa. White/black contour lines represent isopycnals every 0.3 σθ [kg m−3], thin white contours in (a, b) every 0.1 σθ [kg m−3], and magenta line represents MLD. Satellite images from GCOM-C for (d) SST [°C], and (e) chlorophyll-a concentration [µ gL−1] on December 31st. Black contours in (d) geostrophic velocity delimiting > 0.5 ms−1, and in (e) SSH from CMEMS GLORYS12V1 dataset on December 31st. Magenta line in (d, e) represents the observation line, and black bars represent 100-m average ADCP velocity vectors during the observation time. The tow-yo survey took 17 h across the cyclonic eddy structure off the east coast of Tanegashima Island. The resolutions of tow-yo profiles vary from 1 to 15 km. Shorelines extracted from Global Self-consistent, Hierarchical, High-resolution Geography Database (GSHHG).
