Fig. 7

Prognostic nomogram and performance. (A) Multivariable regression analysis revealing CDI as an independent prognostic risk factor (TARGET-OS). (B) Nomogram visually represents the relationship between CDI, age, gender, and prognosis. (C) Internal validation ROC curves indicating AUC values for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival predictions (TARGET-OS). (D) Calibration curves affirm the reliability of the prognostic nomogram (TARGET-OS). (E) Survival curves demonstrating significant distinctions in survival outcomes between high-risk and low-risk patients identified by the nomogram (TARGET-OS). (F–H) External validation using the GSE21257 database consistently validates these findings.