Table 1 Macroscopic adhesion grades were assessed in 10 animals, based on a classification adapted from the scoring system proposed by Lien et al., following incisional hernia repair. Adhesion severity was classified from grade 0 (no adhesions) to grade 5 (dense adhesions with intestinal obstruction). The majority of animals (60%) exhibited moderate to severe adhesions (Grades 3–5), demonstrating the model’s reproducibility in replicating post-surgical adhesion formation. These findings provide a relevant framework for studying adhesion-preventive strategies in future research.
Grade | Criteria | |
|---|---|---|
Superficial (To skin) | Deep (To peritoneal surface) | |
0 | 0 | No adhesion. |
1 | 1 | Thin (flimsy) adhesion, avascular, usually limited to one area, easily separable (not requiring sharp dissection). |
2 | 2 | Thin (flimsy) adhesion, vascular, limited to one area, moderately sharp dissection required. |
3 | 3 | Thin (flimsy) adhesion, more than one place, mostly vascular, difficult to separate; or a single firm adhesion involving bowel, omentum, liver, mesentery, or pelvic fat. |
4 | 4 | Thick, firm adhesion, more than one place (superficial). Thick, firm adhesion, more than one place, involves bowel, omentum, liver, mesentery, or pelvic fat, vascularized, requiring sharp dissection (deep). |
5 | 5 | A dense adhesion mass in which individual bowel loops could not be separated, and/or intestinal obstruction — some of the intestinal loops are dilated; sometimes, bleeding in peritoneal fluid may occur (superficial and deep). |
