Table 3 Multivariate adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association of the dietary intake of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus/protein with low quality of life and its sub-scales in Hemodialysis patients.

From: Association of dietary minerals and phosphorus to protein ratio with quality of life in Iranian Hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study

Variables

Phosphorus intake

Calcium intake

Magnesium intake

Phosphorus/protein

< 700 mg

700–1000 mg

> 1000 mg

P-value

< 1000 mg

1000–2000 mg

> 2000 mg

P-value

< RDA

> RDA

P-value

< median

> median

P-value

Total quality of life

Mean (SD)

56.70 ± 16.40

63.72 ± 17.12

65.92 ± 18.83

0.01

60.93 ± 17.85

64.58 ± 18.25

73.98 ± 17.65

0.01

60.94 ± 17.70

68.95 ± 18.49

< 0.001

66.29 ± 18.87

60.92 ± 17.43

0.01

Crude model

1.76

(0.86, 3.58)

1

0.66

(0.37, 1.17)

 

1.86

(1.16, 2.98)

1

0.53

(0.22, 1.26)

 

1.89

(1.18, 3.04)

1

 

1

1.50

(0.97, 2.33)

 

Model I 1

1.57

(0.74, 3.29)

1

0.80

(0.44, 1.45)

 

1.55

(0.94, 2.55)

1

0.60

(0.25, 1.45)

 

1.59

(0.97, 2.59)

1

 

1

1.42

(0.90, 2.22)

 

Model II 2

1.83

(0.78, 4.34)

1

0.98

(0.47, 2.03)

 

1.52

(0.82, 2.80)

1

0.71

(0.25, 1.97)

 

1.23

(0.60, 2.52)

1

 

1

1.25

(0.75, 2.08)

 

Model III 3

1.84

(0.77, 4.37)

1

0.98

(0.47, 2.02)

 

1.54

(0.83, 2.86)

1

0.69

(0.25, 1.93)

 

1.25

(0.61, 2.57)

1

 

1

1.26

(0.76, 2.11)

 

ESRD-targeted Areas

Symptom/problem

Mean (SD)

69.42 ± 17.05

78.21 ± 15.61

79.88 ± 15.25

< 0.001

75.46 ± 16.49

78.58 ± 15.99

82.95 ± 13.94

0.03

76.86 ± 16.27

78.45 ± 16.05

0.41

78.56 ± 16.22

76.26 ± 16.10

0.21

Crude model

2.42

(1.16, 5.02)

1

0.88

(0.49, 1.56)

 

1.08

(0.67, 1.74)

1

0.60

(0.26, 1.36)

 

0.88

(0.55, 1.42)

1

 

1

1.40

(0.90, 2.19)

 

Model I 1

2.11

(0.99, 4.51)

1

1.01

(0.55, 1.83)

 

0.84

(0.51, 1.41)

1

0.63

(0.27, 1.46)

 

0.74

(0.45, 1.22)

1

 

1

1.38

(0.88, 2.18)

 

Model II 2

2.45

(1.01, 6.01)

1

1.30

(0.60, 2.82)

 

0.63

(0.32, 1.22)

1

1.01

(0.36, 2.84)

 

0.30

(0.13, 0.70)

1

 

1

1.34

(0.79, 2.25)

 

Model III 3

2.65

(1.07, 6.59)

1

1.33

(0.61, 2.87)

 

0.61

(0.31, 1.20)

1

1.04

(0.37, 2.92)

 

0.30

(0.13, 0.69)

1

 

1

1.31

(0.77, 2.21)

 

Effects of kidney disease

Mean (SD)

57.47 ± 21.32

62.43 ± 21.13

64.25 ± 23.91

0.12

61.41 ± 22.64

62.58 ± 23.66

67.98 ± 21.68

0.35

60.26 ± 23.07

67.11 ± 22.11

0.01

64.98 ± 22.73

60.15 ± 22.99

0.06

Crude model

1.5

(0.74, 3.03)

1

0.83

(0.47, 1.48)

 

1.07

(0.67, 1.71)

1

0.42

(0.17, 0.99)

 

1.73

(1.07, 2.79)

1

 

1

1.58

(1.01, 2.48)

 

Model I 1

1.34

(0.64, 2.79)

1

0.97

(0.53, 1.78)

 

0.89

(0.53, 1.48)

1

0.47

(0.19, 1.14)

 

1.51

(0.92, 2.47)

1

 

1

1.52

(0.96, 2.39)

 

Model II 2

1.31

(0.56, 3.05)

1

1.45

(0.67, 3.09)

 

0.67

(0.35, 1.28)

1

0.66

(0.23, 1.93)

 

0.94

(0.44, 2.01)

1

 

1

1.51

(0.90, 2.52)

 

Model III 3

1.37

(0.58, 3.23)

1

1.46

(0.68, 3.12)

 

0.67

(0.35, 1.28)

1

0.67

(0.23, 1.95)

 

0.97

(0.45, 2.07)

1

 

1

1.49

(0.89, 2.49)

 

Burden of kidney disease

Mean (SD)

42.78 ± 24.21

54.13 ± 23.54

52.95 ± 25.73

0.01

48.08 ± 24.82

53.28 ± 24.58

58.54 ± 28.78

0.05

48.87 ± 24.36

55.69 ± 26.66

0.02

52.87 ± 25.87

49.37 ± 24.68

0.22

Crude model

2.37

(1.16, 4.86)

1

1.18

(0.66, 2.11)

 

1.35

(0.84, 2.16)

1

0.93

(0.42, 2.08)

 

1.16

(0.72, 1.87)

1

 

1

1.44

(0.92, 2.25)

 

Model I 1

2.04

(0.97, 4.29)

1

1.34

(0.73, 2.45)

 

1.13

(0.68, 1.87)

1

0.85

(0.37, 1.97)

 

1.07

(0.65, 1.76)

1

 

1

1.47

(0.93, 2.31)

 

Model II 2

1.48

(0.63, 3.45)

1

1.13

(0.53, 2.39)

 

1.09

(0.58, 2.06)

1

0.86

(0.31, 2.36)

 

1.12

(0.53, 2.36)

1

 

1

1.44

(0.86, 2.40)

 

Model III 3

1.42

(0.60, 3.35)

1

1.13

(0.53, 2.41)

 

1.07

(0.57, 2.03)

1

0.86

(0.31, 2.37)

 

1.08

(0.51, 2.28)

1

 

1

1.48

(0.88, 2.47)

 

Work status

Mean (SD)

35.38 ± 24.56

36.06 ± 30.45

40.38 ± 35.69

0.46

37.03 ± 30.29

40.94 ± 35.87

36.66 ± 31.98

0.58

35.88 ± 31.45

43.93 ± 34.45

0.04

43.95 ± 32.31

33.33 ± 32.15

0.01

Crude model

0.78

(0.37, 1.65)

1

1.03

(0.56, 1.88)

 

0.93

(0.56, 1.53)

1

1.02

(0.44, 2.34)

 

1.39

(0.83, 2.33)

1

 

1

1.96

(1.22, 3.17)

 

Model I 1

1.26

(0.56, 2.85)

1

0.74

(0.39, 1.41)

 

1.35

(0.78, 2.32)

1

1.01

(0.42, 2.37)

 

1.75

(1.02, 3.01)

1

 

1

2.08

(1.27, 3.43)

 

Model II 2

1.45

(0.59, 3.59)

1

0.98

(0.45, 2.17)

 

1.38

(0.71, 2.68)

1

1.59

(0.56, 4.46)

 

1.75

(0.78, 3.89)

1

 

1

1.62

(0.95, 2.78)

 

Model III 3

1.39

(0.56, 3.48)

1

0.97

(0.44, 2.15)

 

1.46

(0.74, 2.84)

1

1.54

(0.54, 4.35)

 

1.80

(0.80, 4.04)

1

 

1

1.68

(0.98, 2.90)

 

Cognitive function

Mean (SD)

69.64 ± 17.91

74.51 ± 15.76

68.87 ± 16.49

0.06

70.71 ± 17.20

70.25 ± 15.84

66.66 ± 17.85

0.47

70.26 ± 16.60

69.90 ± 17.11

0.85

68.96 ± 17.33

71.26 ± 16.14

0.22

Crude model

1.57

(0.77, 3.22)

1

2.22

(1.22, 4.05)

 

0.79

(0.49, 1.27)

1

1.31

(0.58, 2.93)

 

0.84

(0.52, 1.35)

1

 

1

0.87

(0.56, 1.36)

 

Model I 1

1.46

(0.69, 3.09)

1

2.44

(1.30, 4.57)

 

0.76

(0.46, 1.26)

1

1.34

(0.58, 3.08)

 

0.83

(0.51, 1.36)

1

 

1

0.87

(0.55, 1.36)

 

Model II 2

1.16

(0.50, 2.71)

1

2.06

(0.96, 4.42)

 

0.79

(0.43, 1.48)

1

0.97

(0.35, 2.63)

 

1.29

(0.62, 2.69)

1

 

1

0.83

(0.50, 1.36)

 

Model III 3

1.17

(0.50, 2.73)

1

2.06

(0.96, 4.42)

 

0.79

(0.42, 1.48)

1

0.97

(0.36, 2.64)

 

1.29

(0.62, 2.70)

1

 

1

0.82

(0.50, 1.35)

 

Quality of social interaction

Mean (SD)

72.10 ± 20.61

75.80 ± 21.33

75.77 ± 21.74

0.47

73.53 ± 21.58

74.77 ± 21.45

83.99 ± 18.66

0.04

73.52 ± 21.49

78.15 ± 21.02

0.07

76.53 ± 21.30

73.58 ± 21.49

0.22

Crude model

1.61

(0.79, 3.24)

1

0.94

(0.52, 1.67)

 

1.32

(0.82, 2.12)

1

0.39

(0.16, 0.99)

 

1.56

(0.96, 2.54)

1

 

1

1.39

(0.89, 2.18)

 

Model I 1

1.48

(0.71, 3.06)

1

1.08

(0.59, 1.98)

 

1.17

(0.71, 1.94)

1

0.44

(0.17, 1.11)

 

1.38

(0.83, 2.27)

1

 

1

1.33

(0.85, 2.10)

 

Model II 2

1.68

(0.73, 3.86)

1

1.64

(0.77, 3.50)

 

1.02

(0.54, 1.92)

1

0.45

(0.15, 1.33)

 

1.13

(0.54, 2.38)

1

 

1

1.43

(0.86, 2.38)

 

Model III 3

1.62

(0.69, 3.76)

1

1.64

(0.76, 3.49)

 

1.04

(0.55, 1.96)

1

0.43

(0.14, 1.30)

 

1.15

(0.54, 2.42)

1

 

1

1.47

(0.88, 2.45)

 

Sleep

Mean (SD)

64.34 ± 23.46

69.51 ± 25.01

66.55 ± 25.17

0.50

66.58 ± 24.78

66.25 ± 24.24

68.91 ± 27.46

0.86

65.92 ± 24.32

68.27 ± 25.75

0.43

68.11 ± 23.56

65.33 ± 25.86

0.32

Crude model

2.71

(1.32, 5.56)

1

1.81

(1.01, 3.26)

 

0.91

(0.57, 1.46)

1

0.79

(0.35, 1.76)

 

1.21

(0.75, 1.95)

1

 

1

0.91

(0.58, 1.42)

 

Model I 1

2.46

(1.16, 5.20)

1

2.45

(1.19, 4.20)

 

0.73

(0.44, 1.22)

1

0.78

(0.34, 1.82)

 

1.07

(0.65, 1.76)

1

 

1

0.87

(0.55, 1.37)

 

Model II 2

2.89

(1.22, 6.84)

1

3.20

(1.46, 7.02)

 

0.66

(0.35, 1.24)

1

0.93

(0.34, 2.57)

 

1.12

(0.54, 2.35)

1

 

1

0.92

(0.56, 1.52)

 

Model III 3

2.82

(1.18, 6.71)

1

3.20

(1.46, 7.02)

 

0.65

(0.34, 1.23)

1

0.94

(0.34, 2.57)

 

1.10

(0.52, 2.32)

1

 

1

0.93

(0.56, 1.55)

 

Social support

Mean (SD)

79.48 ± 27.60

83.06 ± 26.56

80.90 ± 28.10

0.76

80.34 ± 27.54

80.55 ± 29.25

86.66 ± 20.71

0.50

80.17 ± 28.50

82.83 ± 25.76

0.42

83.33 ± 26.10

78.88 ± 28.91

0.15

Crude model

1.53

(0.76, 3.11)

1

1.13

(0.63, 2.03)

 

1.18

(0.73, 1.91)

1

0.83

(0.36, 1.91)

 

1.06

(0.65, 1.72)

1

 

1

1.39

(0.89, 2.19)

 

Model I 1

1.37

(0.66, 2.87)

1

1.21

(0.65, 2.24)

 

1.09

(0.65, 1.82)

1

0.84

(0.35, 1.99)

 

1.01

(0.61, 1.66)

1

 

1

1.41

(0.89, 2.22)

 

Model II 2

1.01

(0.44, 2.31)

1

1.30

(0.61, 2.77)

 

0.95

(0.51, 1.80)

1

0.79

(0.28, 2.24)

 

0.61

(0.29, 1.29)

1

 

1

1.23

(0.74, 2.04)

 

Model III 3

0.99

(0.43, 2.29)

1

1.31

(0.61, 2.80)

 

0.93

(0.49, 1.76)

1

0.81

(0.28, 2.28)

 

0.58

(0.27, 1.24)

1

 

1

1.24

(0.74, 2.07)

 

Dialysis staff encouragement

Mean (SD)

82.30 ± 21.86

83.87 ± 19.12

86.55 ± 21.05

0.32

83.97 ± 20.38

84.68 ± 23.01

93.33 ± 10.75

0.07

83.43 ± 20.62

88.73 ± 21.02

0.03

87.50 ± 21.28

82.91 ± 20.28

0.05

Crude model

0.90

(0.45, 1.81)

1

0.59

(0.33, 1.06)

 

0.66

(0.34, 1.26)

1

1.07

(0.37, 3.09)

 

2.20

(1.34, 3.61)

1

 

1

2.42

(1.53, 3.81)

 

Model I 1

0.71

(0.34, 1.49)

1

0.69

(0.37, 1.26)

 

0.68

(0.36, 1.30)

1

1.02

(0.36, 2.92)

 

1.99

(1.19, 3.31)

1

 

1

2.42

(1.52, 3.86)

 

Model II 2

0.62

(0.26, 1.46)

1

1.22

(0.57, 2.63)

 

1.01

(0.60, 1.66)

1

0.61

(0.25, 1.47)

 

1.44

(0.68, 3.06)

1

 

1

2.21

(1.31, 3.72)

 

Model III 3

0.66

(0.27, 1.57)

1

1.24

(0.57, 2.69)

 

1.19

(0.74, 1.91)

1

0.50

(0.21, 1.19)

 

1.44

(0.67, 3.08)

1

 

1

2.14

(1.27, 3.63)

 

Overall health

Mean (SD)

58.30 ± 28.69

63.70 ± 25.49

57.01 ± 27.17

0.24

58.46 ± 27.34

57.43 ± 28.15

64 ± 22.37

0.49

58.06 ± 26.65

59.70 ± 28.43

0.61

60.13 ± 28.40

57.16 ± 26.05

0.33

Crude model

1.19

(0.59, 2.41)

1

1.46

(0.81, 2.62)

 

0.92

(0.57, 1.48)

1

0.95

(0.42, 2.11)

 

0.93

(0.57, 1.49)

1

 

1

1.30

(0.83, 2.03)

 

Model I 1

1.20

(0.57, 2.5)

1

1.57

(0.85, 2.88)

 

0.91

(0.55, 1.51)

1

0.90

(0.39, 2.07)

 

0.91

(0.56, 1.49)

1

 

1

1.28

(0.82, 2.01)

 

Model II 2

1.31

(0.56, 3.03)

1

2.34

(1.08, 5.02)

 

0.66

(0.35, 1.24)

1

1.06

(0.39, 2.88)

 

0.64

(0.31, 1.34)

1

 

1

1.34

(0.81, 2.21)

 

Model III 3

1.29

(0.55, 3.01)

1

2.33

(1.08, 5.03)

 

0.67

(0.36, 1.27)

1

1.04

(0.38, 2.84)

 

0.65

(0.31, 1.37)

1

 

1

1.36

(0.82, 2.25)

 

Patient satisfaction

Mean (SD)

73.07 ± 32.09

73.77 ± 30.19

72.82 ± 29.68

0.97

72.94 ± 30.58

72.56 ± 30.44

75.92 ± 27.86

0.87

71.37 ± 30.75

76.88 ± 28.76

0.14

78.85 ± 27.51

67.72 ± 31.67

0.01

Crude model

1.09

(0.54, 2.23)

1

1.23

(0.68, 2.22)

 

0.85

(0.52, 1.39)

1

0.83

(0.35, 1.96)

 

1.35

(0.82, 2.23)

1

 

1

1.92

(1.21, 3.06)

 

Model I 1

1.02

(0.49, 2.14)

1

1.33

(0.71, 2.48)

 

0.81

(0.48, 1.37)

1

0.97

(0.40, 2.33)

 

1.30

(0.78, 2.18)

1

 

1

1.88

(1.18, 3.01)

 

Model II 2

1.19

(0.51, 2.75)

1

2.30

(1.06, 5.02)

 

0.55

(0.28, 1.05)

1

1.45

(0.50, 4.26)

 

1.01

(0.47, 2.13)

1

 

1

2.06

(1.23, 3.46)

 

Model III 3

1.16

(0.50, 2.72)

1

2.31

(1.05, 5.05)

 

0.55

(0.29, 1.06)

1

1.44

(0.49, 4.23)

 

1.02

(0.48, 2.17)

1

 

1

2.10

(1.25, 3.53)

 

36-item health survey (SF-36)

Physical functioning

Mean (SD)

43.94 ± 31.93

57.41 ± 29.66

63.44 ± 29.77

< 0.001

52.71 ± 32.33

61.86 ± 28.66

73.33 ± 26.79

0.01

54.68 ± 31.05

65.58 ± 29.94

0.01

62.36 ± 32.59

54.27 ± 29.13

0.02

Crude model

1.83

(0.89, 3.74)

1

0.75

(0.42, 1.34)

 

1.51

(0.94, 2.43)

1

0.49

(0.20, 1.15)

 

1.91

(1.18, 3.10)

1

 

1

1.41

(0.90, 2.20)

 

Model I 1

1.49

(0.65, 3.39)

1

1.41

(0.72, 2.73)

 

0.89

(0.51, 1.55)

1

0.46

(0.18, 1.19)

 

1.37

(0.80, 2.36)

1

 

1

1.25

(0.76, 2.06)

 

Model II 2

1.56

(0.62, 3.94)

1

2.33

(1.02, 5.31)

 

0.69

(0.34, 1.38)

1

0.53

(0.17, 1.66)

 

1.37

(0.61, 3.08)

1

 

1

1.04

(0.60, 1.82)

 

Model III 3

1.55

(0.61, 3.94)

1

2.33

(1.02, 5.30)

 

0.70

(0.35, 1.40)

1

0.53

(0.17, 1.65)

 

1.40

(0.62, 3.15)

1

 

1

1.05

(0.60, 1.84)

 

Role-physical

Mean (SD)

32.30 ± 44.35

37.50 ± 45.21

61.29 ± 45.32

< 0.001

39.41 ± 45.80

59.16 ± 45.36

76.66 ± 41.48

< 0.001

42.21 ± 45.71

68.06 ± 44.45

< 0.001

56.57 ± 46.63

44.87 ± 46.44

0.03

Crude model

1.15

(0.54, 2.45)

1

0.35

(0.19, 0.64)

 

2.27

(1.40, 3.68)

1

0.37

(0.14, 0.93)

 

3.11

(1.89, 5.10)

1

 

1

1.68

(1.07, 2.63)

 

Model I 1

1.05

(0.47, 2.30)

1

0.42

(0.22, 0.78)

 

1.88

(1.13, 3.15)

1

0.40

(0.15, 1.03)

 

2.62

(1.15, 4.37)

1

 

1

1.59

(1.01, 2.52)

 

Model II 2

1.31

(0.51, 3.38)

1

0.54

(0.23, 1.14)

 

1.62

(0.84, 3.11)

1

0.39

(0.11, 1.35)

 

2.01

(0.92, 4.32)

1

 

1

1.23

(0.72, 2.09)

 

Model III 3

1.20

(0.46, 3.13)

1

0.50

(0.22, 1.12)

 

1.63

(0.84, 3.15)

1

0.38

(0.11, 1.32)

 

1.94

(0.89, 4.22)

1

 

1

1.28

(0.75, 2.20)

 

Pain

Mean (SD)

51.11 ± 33.33

71.77 ± 29.42

70.47 ± 31.55

< 0.001

63.75 ± 33.37

67.93 ± 31.32

77.83 ± 29.77

0.08

64.03 ± 33.29

72.32 ± 29.93

0.03

67.36 ± 33.78

66.08 ± 31.19

0.72

Crude model

2.90

(1.40, 5.98)

1

1.24

(0.69, 2.22)

 

0.96

(0.60, 1.54)

1

0.52

(0.23, 1.19)

 

1.26

(0.78, 2.03)

1

 

1

1.21

(0.77, 1.88)

 

Model I 1

2.29

(1.07, 4.90)

1

1.72

(0.92, 3.22)

 

0.64

(0.38, 1.09)

1

0.53

(0.22, 1.27)

 

1.01

(0.61, 1.68)

1

 

1

1.16

(0.73, 1.84)

 

Model II 2

2.15

(0.89, 5.21)

1

1.73

(0.79, 3.77)

 

0.63

(0.32, 1.22)

1

0.54

(0.18, 1.58)

 

0.85

(0.39, 1.85)

1

 

1

1.07

(0.63, 1.81)

 

Model III 3

2.28

(0.93, 5.58)

1

1.75

(0.79, 3.81)

 

0.63

(0.32, 1.23)

1

0.54

(0.18, 1.59)

 

0.87

(0.40, 1.89)

1

 

1

1.05

(0.62, 1.78)

 

General health

Mean (SD)

43.46 ± 21.48

52.50 ± 21.64

51.02 ± 22.76

0.03

48.15 ± 22.03

49.58 ± 22.59

59 ± 22.72

0.05

48.20 ± 21.42

52.97 ± 24.29

0.07

52.26 ± 23.62

47.36 ± 21.09

0.05

Crude model

1.94

(0.96, 3.93)

1

1.35

(0.76, 2.41)

 

0.94

(0.58, 1.51)

1

0.42

(0.18, 0.98)

 

1.26

(0.78, 2.02)

1

 

1

1.23

(0.79, 1.93)

 

Model I 1

1.78

(0.85, 3.72)

1

1.49

(0.81, 2.74)

 

0.84

(0.51, 1.40)

1

0.40

(0.17, 0.97)

 

1.18

(0.72, 1.93)

1

 

1

1.22

(0.78, 1.91)

 

Model II 2

1.63

(0.70, 3.77)

1

1.92

(0.90, 4.10)

 

0.63

(0.33, 1.19)

1

0.28

(0.09, 0.88)

 

0.81

(0.38, 1.72)

1

 

1

1.32

(0.80, 2.19)

 

Model III 3

1.62

(0.69, 3.77)

1

1.93

(0.90, 4.12)

 

0.62

(0.33, 1.19)

1

0.28

(0.09, 0.88)

 

0.80

(0.38, 1.69)

1

 

1

1.33

(0.80, 2.21)

 

Emotional well-being

Mean (SD)

51.67 ± 19.14

65.27 ± 23.01

64.73 ± 24.30

< 0.001

59.37 ± 23.02

63.03 ± 23.61

73.46 ± 23.91

0.01

59.51 ± 23.16

67.60 ± 23.74

0.01

63.68 ± 24.22

60.65 ± 23.01

0.25

Crude model

3.33

(1.60, 6.92)

1

1.24

(0.69, 2.23)

 

1.30

(0.81, 2.09)

1

0.76

(0.33, 1.71)

 

1.42

(0.88, 2.29)

1

 

1

1.18

(0.75, 1.84)

 

Model I 1

3.01

(1.41, 6.41)

1

1.33

(0.72, 2.45)

 

1.12

(0.67, 1.86)

1

0.79

(0.34, 1.85)

 

1.30

(0.79, 2.14)

1

 

1

1.17

(0.75, 1.85)

 

Model II 2

2.74

(1.15, 6.52)

1

1.40

(0.65, 3.02)

 

0.86

(0.45, 1.63)

1

1.01

(0.36, 2.78)

 

0.86

(0.40, 1.84)

1

 

1

1.33

(0.80, 2.22)

 

Model III 3

2.63

(1.09, 6.31)

1

1.40

(0.65, 3.03)

 

0.84

(0.44, 1.61)

1

0.99

(0.35, 2.79)

 

0.83

(0.38, 1.77)

1

 

1

1.38

(0.82, 2.31)

 

Role-emotional

Mean (SD)

41.53 ± 46.40

56.98 ± 46.51

60.93 ± 45.88

0.01

50.10 ± 46.75

58.61 ± 46.34

78.88 ± 39.61

0.01

51.57 ± 46.49

65.67 ± 45.57

0.01

54.38 ± 47.40

57.76 ± 45.91

0.52

Crude model

1.95

(0.95, 3.99)

1

0.80

(0.45, 1.43)

 

1.46

(0.91, 2.35)

1

0.33

(0.13, 0.84)

 

2.12

(1.30, 3.44)

1

 

1

0.96

(0.61, 1.49)

 

Model I 1

1.72

(0.82, 3.64)

1

0.96

(0.52, 1.76)

 

1.22

(0.73, 2.02)

1

0.37

(0.14, 0.95)

 

1.81

(1.10, 2.99)

1

 

1

0.90

(0.57, 1.41)

 

Model II 2

1.78

(0.75, 4.24)

1

1.06

(0.50, 2.25)

 

1.18

(0.62, 2.22)

1

0.34

(0.11, 1.09)

 

1.49

(0.70, 3.14)

1

 

1

0.83

(0.50, 1.40)

 

Model III 3

1.68

(0.70, 4.03)

1

1.05

(0.49, 2.25)

 

1.17

(0.61, 2.23)

1

0.34

(0.10, 1.08)

 

1.43

(0.67, 3.04)

1

 

1

0.86

(0.51, 1.44)

 

Social function

Mean (SD)

57.88 ± 29.85

71.37 ± 28.03

71.37 ± 28.21

0.01

64.57 ± 29.86

70.93 ± 27.98

80.83 ± 23.61

0.01

67.04 ± 29.01

71.78 ± 28.70

0.17

70.88 ± 28.69

66.38 ± 29.12

0.17

Crude model

1.82

(0.89, 3.68)

1

0.89

(0.50, 1.59)

 

1.52

(0.94, 2.44)

1

0.54

(0.22, 1.28)

 

1.67

(1.03, 2.71)

1

 

1

1.45

(0.93, 2.27)

 

Model I 1

1.88

(0.89, 3.96)

1

1.06

(0.58, 1.96)

 

1.33

(0.80, 2.22)

1

0.55

(0.22, 1.34)

 

1.44

(0.87, 2.38)

1

 

1

1.35

(0.85, 2.13)

 

Model II 2

1.54

(0.65, 3.63)

1

0.98

(0.45, 2.09)

 

1.36

(0.72, 2.59)

1

0.72

(0.25, 2.06)

 

1.44

(0.67, 3.06)

1

 

1

1.40

(0.83, 2.34)

 

Model III 3

1.52

(0.64, 3.60)

1

0.98

(0.45, 2.09)

 

1.36

(0.71, 2.58)

1

0.72

(0.25, 2.06)

 

1.41

(0.66, 3.02)

1

 

1

1.42

(0.84, 2.38)

 

Energy-fatigue

Mean (SD)

36.53 ± 20.46

50.40 ± 24.63

54.75 ± 26.95

< 0.001

45.67 ± 24.97

51.52 ± 25.23

68.55 ± 28.66

< 0.001

46.10 ± 24.49

58.51 ± 27.77

< 0.001

53.65 ± 27.62

46.77 ± 24.40

0.02

Crude model

2.58

(1.24, 5.36)

1

0.80

(0.45, 1.43)

 

1.38

(0.86, 2.22)

1

0.26

(0.10, 0.70)

 

1.95

(1.20, 3.17)

   

1.41

(0.90, 2.20)

 

Model I 1

2.38

(1.11, 5.08)

1

0.94

(0.51, 1.73)

 

1.12

(0.67, 1.87)

1

0.29

(0.11, 0.78)

 

1.64

(1.01, 2.71)

   

1.33

(0.85, 2.11)

 

Model II 2

1.97

(0.82, 4.72)

1

1.26

(0.59, 2.71)

 

0.76

(0.40, 1.46)

1

0.42

(0.13, 1.35)

 

0.80

(0.37, 1.73)

   

1.35

(0.81, 2.28)

 

Model III 3

2.05

(0.84, 4.96)

1

1.27

(0.59, 2.73)

 

0.77

(0.40, 1.47)

1

0.43

(0.13, 1.36)

 

0.81

(0.37, 1.76)

   

1.34

(0.80, 2.26)

 

SF-12 physical composite

Mean (SD)

36.99 ± 10.86

40.90 ± 9.10

42.77 ± 10.41

0.01

39.79 ± 10.43

41.74 ± 10.37

46.74 ± 9.24

0.01

39.71 ± 10.51

44.40 ± 9.68

< 0.001

42.75 ± 11.03

39.77 ± 9.72

0.01

Crude model

2.60

(1.24, 5.46)

1

0.80

(0.45, 1.44)

 

1.46

(0.90, 2.36)

1

0.49

(0.20, 1.16)

 

1.81

(1.11, 2.96)

1

 

1

1.76

(1.12, 2.78)

 

Model I 1

2.22

(1.01, 4.91)

1

1.19

(0.64, 2.23)

 

0.98

(0.58, 1.68)

1

0.52

(0.21, 1.30)

 

1.39

(0.83, 2.34)

1

 

1

1.65

(1.02, 2.66)

 

Model II 2

2.14

(0.85, 5.37)

1

2.04

(0.92, 4.55)

 

0.67

(0.34, 1.32)

1

0.54

(0.17, 1.69)

 

1.07

(0.48, 2.39)

1

 

1

1.49

(0.87, 2.56)

 

Model III 3

2.34

(0.91, 5.98)

1

2.08

(0.93, 4.64)

 

0.67

(0.34, 1.32)

1

0.55

(0.17, 1.71)

 

1.10

(0.49, 2.45)

1

 

1

1.46

(0.85, 2.52)

 

SF-12 mental composite

Mean (SD)

38.10 ± 10.88

44.74 ± 12.04

45.15 ± 12.44

< 0.001

42.07 ± 12.09

43.96 ± 12.46

50.62 ± 10.98

0.01

42.15 ± 12.25

46.76 ± 12.01

0.01

44.25 ± 12.55

43.05 ± 12.16

0.39

Crude model

2.57

(1.23, 5.37)

1

0.90

(0.50, 1.61)

 

1.53

(0.94, 2.48)

1

0.35

(0.13, 0.87)

 

1.93

(1.18, 3.15)

1

 

1

1.15

(0.73, 1.81)

 

Model I 1

2.35

(1.09, 5.04)

1

0.97

(0.53, 1.78)

 

1.37

(0.82, 2.29)

1

0.40

(0.15, 1.03)

 

1.72

(1.04, 2.86)

1

 

1

1.11

(0.70, 1.75)

 

Model II 2

2.23

(0.91, 5.45)

1

0.82

(0.38, 1.75)

 

1.46

(0.77, 2.78)

1

0.47

(0.15, 1.42)

 

1.55

(0.72, 3.33)

1

 

1

1.26

(0.75, 2.12)

 

Model III 3

2.12

(0.86, 5.22)

1

0.81

(0.38, 1.75)

 

1.45

(0.76, 2.78)

1

0.47

(0.15, 1.41)

 

1.49

(0.69, 3.23)

1

 

1

1.30

(0.77, 2.20)

 
  1. 1 Adjusted for age and sex.
  2. 2 Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and energy intake.
  3. 3 Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, energy intake, Kt-V, and URR.
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